I want to leave you with a set of references that will certainly prove worthwhile to you, IF YOU USE THEM..............some will seem too simple NOW, some will be more challenging, and some will be OVER YOUR HEAD....................the true judge of your SUCCESS will be when NONE of them are over your head.................. I have enjoyed each and every minute of the classes, and I certainly hope you have also. Please remember that I will always be available to you in person, or via email, or the phone........................ My email is bobshepard@clearwire.net my phone is 239-895-4296 2nd phone 360-770-6902 my photography web site is http://eddtide.photoreflect.com/ another web site is http://indiancreekpark.photoreflect.com/ and http://digitalmagic.photoreflect.com/ Please enjoy your journey through the interesting and challenging world of computers.
Bob Shepard
Thursday, February 1, 2007
Microsoft Outlook Training
Microsoft Outlook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMicrosoft Outlook or Outlook (full name Microsoft Office Outlook since Outlook 2003) ... Microsoft also released several versions of Outlook for the Apple ....en.wikipedia.org
Microsoft Office Outlook 2003This Support WebCast discusses some of the new Microsoft Outlook ... How to obtain the latest Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 junk e-mail filter updates ....support.microsoft.com
Microsoft Outlook IssuesHot issues, tips and other solutions for Microsoft Outlook 97, Outlook 98, Outlook 2000, and Outlook 2002..http://www.slipstick.com/outlook/
Outlook 2003 Product InformationFind product and pricing information for Microsoft Office Outlook 2003, the Microsoft Office personal information manager and communication program..http://www.microsoft.com/office/outlook/prodinfo/default.mspx
Outlook 2003 Home Page - Outlook - Microsoft Office OnlineTemplates for Outlook. Related Products and Technologies. » Outlook with Business Contact Manager. » Microsoft Exchange Server. Support and Feedback ....office.microsoft.com
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Microsoft Outlook helpMicrosoft outlook information and help. ... QUICK LINKS. About Outlook 2002 About Outlook 2000 About Outlook Express.http://www.computerhope.com/software/outlook.htm
Microsoft Outlook sync software and Palm password software for your ...PocketMirror seamlessly synchronizes the PalmPilot organizer with Outlook. PocketJournal logs your phone calls and activities into Outlook's Journal..http://www.chapura.com/
Palm - Support - Microsoft Outlook Synchronization SupportSome Palm devices include software that lets you sync with Microsoft Outlook instead of Palm Desktop. This software syncs the Calendar, Contacts, Memos and Tasks in Outlook, but not emails ....http://www.palm.com/us/support/outlooksupport.html
Microsoft Outlook Mobile Manager 2.1Overview. We are happy to introduce Microsoft Outlook Mobile Manager 2.1. Microsoft Outlook Mobile Manager (OMM) brings the power of Microsoft Outlook to your portable device..research.microsoft.com
Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-003: Vulnerability in TNEF Decoding ...Vulnerability in TNEF Decoding in Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Could Allow Remote Code Execution (902412) ....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Outlook Home Page - Microsoft Office OnlineSee how Outlook 2007 fits into the 2007 Microsoft Office system suites. Find out what's in each suite ... Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 up close ....http://www.microsoft.com/outlook/
Microsoft Office Outlook Email Program Review - About EmailMicrosoft Office Outlook works great together with other Office System applications and as an email/calendar combination, but Outlook also shines as an email client with great organizationa....clk.about.com
4Team Corporation Solutions for Microsoft® Outlook®4Team Corporation: Solutions for Microsoft Outlook, Add-Ons, Plugins and Accessories ... 4Team for MS Outlook: Manage your teams, create and share projects workspaces in MS Outlook.http://www.4team.biz/
Microsoft OutlookTo help optimize how your Web pages are displayed, we are checking to see if a Microsoft Office 2007 program is installed..tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Outlook Home Page - Microsoft Office OnlineFocus on the things that matter most using Outlook 2007 to prioritize, control, and instantly search information..office.microsoft.com
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What is Microsoft Outlook? - Knowledge BaseIn Microsoft Outlook, what things should I consider when upgrading from the Exchange client and Schedule+?.tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 SP2 - Phisherman's Foe?Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 SP2 - Phisherman's Foe?.clk.about.com
Microsoft Office Outlook Screenshot - About EmailWhat does Microsoft Office Outlook look like?.clk.about.com
Junk-Out - Microsoft Outlook Spam Filter Review - About EmailJunk-Out is a great anti-spam plug-in for Outlook. It combines the simplicity of Bayesian filters that just get it right with lots of flexibility. (Windows).clk.about.com
dePeter Raddatz bietet Tipps und Tricks für die Anwendung von Microsoft Outlook und beantwortet häufig gestellte ....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Microsoft Outlook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia... with certain versions of Microsoft Windows see Outlook Express ... Microsoft Outlook ... only Outlook offers client access (MAPI) to Microsoft Exchange. ....en.wikipedia.org
Junk-Out - Microsoft Outlook Spam Filter Screenshot - About EmailWhat does Junk-Out - Microsoft Outlook Spam Filter look like?.clk.about.com
Slipstick Systems Exchange and Outlook Solutions Center... other resources and other solutions for Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange ... ShareO: Sharing Microsoft Outlook Calendar and Contacts, any folders and ....http://www.slipstick.com/
Microsoft Marries Hotmail, OutlookNew subscription service links Web mail with the desktop e-mail client..clk.about.com
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E-mail Follow-Up - Microsoft Outlook Add-On Review - About EmailE-mail Follow-Up can remind you if an email you sent did not receive a reply after a certain time, and it's easy to send a follow-up reminder to the original recipient, too. (Windows).clk.about.com
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Setting Up Your E-mail in Microsoft OutlookThis tutorial shows you how to set up Microsoft Outlook to work with your e-mail account. This tutorial focuses on setting up Microsoft Outlook 2003, ....products.secureserver.net
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Microsoft Outlook FormsResources for designing and programming custom forms and templates for Microsoft Outlook ... To add accelerator keys to Microsoft Outlook form controls ....http://www.outlookcode.com/d/forms.htm
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Microsoft Outlook Contacts IssuesKey issues for Microsoft Outlook Contacts ... Contacts Issues. Add addresses automatically to Contacts; The clipboard clears when you open a Contact ....http://www.slipstick.com/contacts/index.htm
Developer Learning Center for Microsoft OutlookResources for programmers developing with Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server ... How to use the Microsoft Outlook Object Library to force a Send ....http://www.outlookcode.com/d/index.htm
Microsoft Outlook 2003 TutorialsVTC :: Featuring free Photoshop tutorials in QuickTime formats ... Listed below are all of the chapter and lesson contents for Microsoft Outlook 2003.http://www.vtc.com/products/outlook2003.htm
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Microsoft Outlook ForumsWho is Online: Our users have posted a total of 175766 articles We have 1325 registered users The newest registered user is jrbb: In total there are 3 users online :: 0 Registered, 0 Hidden....http://www.outlooktalk.com/
Internet Explorer 7: HomeDownload Internet Explorer 7, the latest version of Microsoft's new, improved, and free web browser..microsoft.com
Microsoft Outlook Programmer's LibraryIf you're building a bookshelf of Microsoft Outlook programming books, these are the ones you need ... Outlook Programmer's Library. If you're building a bookshelf of Outlook programming bo....http://www.outlookcode.com/d/library.htm
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Outlook 2003 Tutorial Microsoft Outlook 2003: Table of Contents ...This is the Table of Contents of our Microsoft Outlook 2003 tutorial. ... Introduction to Outlook 2003. This tutorial gives you a quick overview of what Outlook 2003 is, and ....http://www.freeemailtutorials.com/microsoftOutlook2003/
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Microsoft Office Outlook 2003This Support WebCast discusses some of the new Microsoft Outlook ... How to obtain the latest Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 junk e-mail filter updates ....support.microsoft.com
Microsoft Outlook IssuesHot issues, tips and other solutions for Microsoft Outlook 97, Outlook 98, Outlook 2000, and Outlook 2002..http://www.slipstick.com/outlook/
Outlook 2003 Product InformationFind product and pricing information for Microsoft Office Outlook 2003, the Microsoft Office personal information manager and communication program..http://www.microsoft.com/office/outlook/prodinfo/default.mspx
Outlook 2003 Home Page - Outlook - Microsoft Office OnlineTemplates for Outlook. Related Products and Technologies. » Outlook with Business Contact Manager. » Microsoft Exchange Server. Support and Feedback ....office.microsoft.com
Microsoft OutlookYou have come to the most powerful Microsoft Outlook resource in the world. Access instant solutions for your most demanding Microsoft Outlook problems. ....http://www.experts-exchange.com/Applications/MS_Office/Outlook/
Microsoft Outlook helpMicrosoft outlook information and help. ... QUICK LINKS. About Outlook 2002 About Outlook 2000 About Outlook Express.http://www.computerhope.com/software/outlook.htm
Microsoft Outlook sync software and Palm password software for your ...PocketMirror seamlessly synchronizes the PalmPilot organizer with Outlook. PocketJournal logs your phone calls and activities into Outlook's Journal..http://www.chapura.com/
Palm - Support - Microsoft Outlook Synchronization SupportSome Palm devices include software that lets you sync with Microsoft Outlook instead of Palm Desktop. This software syncs the Calendar, Contacts, Memos and Tasks in Outlook, but not emails ....http://www.palm.com/us/support/outlooksupport.html
Microsoft Outlook Mobile Manager 2.1Overview. We are happy to introduce Microsoft Outlook Mobile Manager 2.1. Microsoft Outlook Mobile Manager (OMM) brings the power of Microsoft Outlook to your portable device..research.microsoft.com
Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-003: Vulnerability in TNEF Decoding ...Vulnerability in TNEF Decoding in Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Could Allow Remote Code Execution (902412) ....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Outlook Home Page - Microsoft Office OnlineSee how Outlook 2007 fits into the 2007 Microsoft Office system suites. Find out what's in each suite ... Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 up close ....http://www.microsoft.com/outlook/
Microsoft Office Outlook Email Program Review - About EmailMicrosoft Office Outlook works great together with other Office System applications and as an email/calendar combination, but Outlook also shines as an email client with great organizationa....clk.about.com
4Team Corporation Solutions for Microsoft® Outlook®4Team Corporation: Solutions for Microsoft Outlook, Add-Ons, Plugins and Accessories ... 4Team for MS Outlook: Manage your teams, create and share projects workspaces in MS Outlook.http://www.4team.biz/
Microsoft OutlookTo help optimize how your Web pages are displayed, we are checking to see if a Microsoft Office 2007 program is installed..tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Outlook Home Page - Microsoft Office OnlineFocus on the things that matter most using Outlook 2007 to prioritize, control, and instantly search information..office.microsoft.com
Outlook Home Page - Microsoft Office OnlineSee how Outlook 2007 fits into the 2007 Microsoft Office system suites. ... Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 up close. Download a free trial. Take an online ....office.microsoft.com
Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 - Systematically ImprovedMicrosoft Office Outlook 2003 - Systematically Improved.clk.about.com
Office Online Home Page - Microsoft Office OnlineCrabby's favorite Outlook 2007 features ... Icon: Training: (c) Microsoft. Free training and demos ... 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. ....office.microsoft.com
What is Microsoft Outlook? - Knowledge BaseIn Microsoft Outlook, what things should I consider when upgrading from the Exchange client and Schedule+?.tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 SP2 - Phisherman's Foe?Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 SP2 - Phisherman's Foe?.clk.about.com
Microsoft Office Outlook Screenshot - About EmailWhat does Microsoft Office Outlook look like?.clk.about.com
Junk-Out - Microsoft Outlook Spam Filter Review - About EmailJunk-Out is a great anti-spam plug-in for Outlook. It combines the simplicity of Bayesian filters that just get it right with lots of flexibility. (Windows).clk.about.com
dePeter Raddatz bietet Tipps und Tricks für die Anwendung von Microsoft Outlook und beantwortet häufig gestellte ....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Microsoft Outlook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia... with certain versions of Microsoft Windows see Outlook Express ... Microsoft Outlook ... only Outlook offers client access (MAPI) to Microsoft Exchange. ....en.wikipedia.org
Junk-Out - Microsoft Outlook Spam Filter Screenshot - About EmailWhat does Junk-Out - Microsoft Outlook Spam Filter look like?.clk.about.com
Slipstick Systems Exchange and Outlook Solutions Center... other resources and other solutions for Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange ... ShareO: Sharing Microsoft Outlook Calendar and Contacts, any folders and ....http://www.slipstick.com/
Microsoft Marries Hotmail, OutlookNew subscription service links Web mail with the desktop e-mail client..clk.about.com
LBE Toolbox for MS OutlookThe Essential Companion to Microsoft Outlook ... With LBE Toolbox for Microsoft Outlook you can: ....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Microsoft Help and Support... technical support information on all Microsoft software. ... Outlook 2007. Outlook Express 6.0. Windows 2000. Windows 98. Windows Server 2003. Microsoft Update ....support.microsoft.com
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E-mail Follow-Up - Microsoft Outlook Add-On Review - About EmailE-mail Follow-Up can remind you if an email you sent did not receive a reply after a certain time, and it's easy to send a follow-up reminder to the original recipient, too. (Windows).clk.about.com
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Developer Learning Center for Microsoft OutlookResources for programmers developing with Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server ... How to use the Microsoft Outlook Object Library to force a Send ....http://www.outlookcode.com/d/index.htm
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Internet Explorer and ObjectsHow to disable the confirm message and allow objects to be processed immediately..clk.about.com
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Microsoft Word Training
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Use Windows Defender to Protect Your ComputerUse Windows Defender to Protect Your Computer.clk.about.com
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How to use Windows Program Compatibility mode in Windows XPThis article describes how to use Windows Program Compatibility mode. This mode provides an environment for running programs that closely reflects the ....support.microsoft.com
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How to Use Windows Movie Maker - Shorten an Audio Clip in Windows Movie MakerDrag the end of the audio clip to shorten it in a Windows Movie Maker movie..clk.about.com
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Addditional Training Sites
Basic Computer Skills Tutorial - UMUCThe more prepared you are for WebTycho training, the greater your chances of success and satisfaction with the event. CTLA201 WebTycho Training for Faculty is an intensive five-week Web-bas....www.umuc.edu
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Basic Computer Skills for Teachers - Main PageShort tutorials covering basic operations of the computer for teachers ... Written for the Albuquerque Public Schools Faculty and Staff by. Jeff Rhoades Technology Resource Teacher.www.aps.edu
Basic Computer Skills You'll Need to Write the Computer Based GRE Essay - For Comp...Here's a summary of necessary GRE computer skills. Many returning students take the computer-based GRE test without having a strong computer background - possibly because computers weren't ....clk.about.com
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ArtAbilities Collection - Department of Pediatrics - Miller School ...Search. Purchase Cards & Reproductions; Gallery. Gallery 1 ? Gallery 2 ? Gallery 3 ? Gallery 4 ? Gallery 5 ? Sponsorship Opportunities. 1601 NW 12th Avenue ....pediatrics.med.miami.edu
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Computer Literacy Articles and ResourcesComputer literacy articles and resources including software reviews, self-study tuturials, curricula, lesson plans and more..clk.about.com
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Queensborough Community CollegeComputer Lab · ... Curious about the Basic Educational Skills Department? You'll find the answers you're looking for right here ....www.qcc.cuny.edu
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Computer LiteracyComputer literacy is an essential skill - A computer will be a basic tool you will have to use no matter where you find employment - Computer literacy will help you get a job and it will he....clk.about.com
Jan's Illustrated Computer Literacy 101An online illustrated Computer Literacy course covering the material in a college course, but easy to understand for all ages..tmsyn.wc.ask.com
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Event Calendar SystemEvent: Basic Computer Skills Date of first class session : Thursday, September 21, 2006 Time of first class session : 4:00 PM - 7:00 PM.www3.scoe.net
Miami University Basic Computer Skills Self-AssessmentBasic Computer Skills Self-Assessment ... A master program that sorts through applications on a computer and selects the right one ....www.units.muohio.edu
Skills CD - Main... to support Business students on basic computer skills as defined and required by ... be able to perform basic computer skills with Microsoft Windows, Word, Excel, ....www.bus.ucf.edu
Basic Computer Skills Required for Web-Based StudentsPage Last Updated: 08/28/2006 © Copyright 2006-2007 Cuyahoga Community College. All Rights Reserved..dlc.tri-c.edu
Adult / Continuing Education March 2006 Archive.clk.about.com
Jan's Illustrated Computer Literacy 101An online illustrated Computer Literacy course covering the material in a college ... exercises at the end which give you practice and add new skills, too. ....www.jegsworks.com
WebJunctionWebJunction is an online community where library staff meet to share ideas, solve problems, take ... Basic Computer Skills Basic computer information for either the Spanish speaker or the t....webjunction.org
Explore Adult Ed CareersExplore Adult Ed Careers.clk.about.com
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Basic Computer Skills Checklist for Distance Learning at St. Louis ...St. Louis Community College webpage for distance learning. ... The ability to use a computer has become an important entry ....www.stlcc.edu
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Minnesota Literacy Council - Teaching Basic Computer SkillsHome > Resources > Educational Technology > Basic Computer Skills. Print View ... you begin developing a basic computer skills class for your ESL learners? ....www.themlc.org
Catawba County SchoolsRemediation Materials for the North Carolina Test of Computer Skills: Search for Materials ... Spreadsheets -- PowerPoint Presentation on Spreadsheets and basic terms.www.catawba.k12.nc.us
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TLU Center for Professional Development: Basic Computer SkillsTHERE ARE NO CLASSES SCHEDULED AT THIS TIME. Please check the website for future announcements This program introduces the student to the basics of using a computer..www.tlu.edu
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St. Paul Community Literacy Consortium - Basic Computer Skills ...Basic Computer Skills Curriculum: On this site you will find lesson modules covering basic computer skills developed by computer teachers* from Adult Basic Education programs in the St..www.spclc.org
Computer Job SkillsAre you looking to learn or improve basic computer user skills to better qualify you for today's jobs? Do you want to advance in your career by updating ....jobsearchtech.about.com
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Basic Computer Skills HomeBasic Online Skills ... easy-to-master, web based course on basic online skills. ... This course is divided into four separate modules: Computer Skills; ....www.ctdlc.org
Basic Computer SkillsText Only. What Basic Computer Skills Do I Need? The project team has identified basic computer skills that are necessary for all ....www.acctrain.umd.edu
Basic Computer Skills - Home PageModule 1 is designed to teach you basic computer skills. It includes classroom components from CIL 100, as well as tutorials, practices, assignments and ....depts.alverno.edu
Basic Computer SkillsBasic Computer Skills: A First Lesson http://lone-eagles.com/basics.htm. Lesson Goals . To Assess Your Basic Computer Skill Development Needs . To Create an Individualized Skill Development....lone-eagles.com
UHCL - PT3 / Basic Computer Literacy Skills SurveyYou do not have to be a computer whiz to successfully integrate technology into your lesson plans. Furthermore, there are many aspects of instructional technology that do ....pt3.cl.uh.edu
Basic Computer Skills Tutorial - UMUCBasic Computer Skills Tutorial for a Windows Environment ... themselves with the Windows environment and building baseline knowledge and skills. ....www.umuc.edu
Basic Computer Skills for Teachers - Main PageShort tutorials covering basic operations of the computer for teachers ... Written for the Albuquerque Public Schools Faculty and Staff by. Jeff Rhoades Technology Resource Teacher.www.aps.edu
Basic Computer Skills You'll Need to Write the Computer Based GRE Essay - For Comp...Here's a summary of necessary GRE computer skills. Many returning students take the computer-based GRE test without having a strong computer background - possibly because computers weren't ....clk.about.com
Basic Computer Skills at Shopping.comFind Basic Computer Skills stores, compare Basic Computer Skills prices. Shopping.com helps shoppers find, compare, and buy anything in just seconds.rdrw1.yahoo.com
Basic Computer ConceptsThis document includes a brief overview of basic computing concepts. ... in programming languages (like BASIC, PASCAL, C....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Essential Computer SkillsPerform basic computer operations These include using the keyboard and mouse; ... advice on the most useful computer skills for your specific purposes. ....adulted.about.com
Basic Computer Skills - web sitesBasic Computer Skills - web sites ... A basic introduction, plus articles on current issues relating to the internet. ... Basic computer websites ....www.birmingham.gov.uk
Computer Literacy - Basic Computer Skills for Adult LearnersWhy is computer literacy so important and what basic skills do adult learners need?.clk.about.com
Computer BasicsThe term 'computer' is misleading for many people. ... e.g. C++ or Visual Basic or Java), which runs a little program to convert itself ....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Computer Skills Tutorial... from an earlier page titled Using Computer Networks in the K12 Classroom. The link brought you here, to a page titled Tutorial;.tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Basic Computer Skills (teach Yourself) - SHOP.COMShop for Basic Computer Skills (teach Yourself) at Shop.com. ... Basic Computer Skills (teach Yourself), Readers will learn to use Windows as ....rdrw1.yahoo.com
Computer EducationTraining provided from basic computer skills to various certifications..clk.about.com
Basic Computer Skills Course Samples... provides high-quality interactive computer training and literacy courses for ... List. Windows 95, 98, 2000, Me, NT 4.x Course Samples. PC100-Basic Skills. Menus ....www.teknimedia.com
Queensborough Community CollegeChances are you'll find the answer you're looking for right here. Lab Information and hours of operation of the Basic Skills Computer Lab. Workshops The schedule for the BSLC's reading work....www.qcc.cuny.edu
ArtAbilities Collection - Department of Pediatrics - Miller School ...Search. Purchase Cards & Reproductions; Gallery. Gallery 1 ? Gallery 2 ? Gallery 3 ? Gallery 4 ? Gallery 5 ? Sponsorship Opportunities. 1601 NW 12th Avenue ....pediatrics.med.miami.edu
New User Tutorial... used a computer before. We will concentrate on using the mouse and a few other basic skills. Ask a librarian for information on local ....tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Computer Literacy Articles and ResourcesComputer literacy articles and resources including software reviews, self-study tuturials, curricula, lesson plans and more..clk.about.com
TrainPack Basic Computer Skills (Windows XP/2000/98) workbookComputer Training Materials you can copy as many times as you like! ... approach used by many basic computer skills trainers, to one of facilitating ....www.trainpack.com
Queensborough Community CollegeComputer Lab · ... Curious about the Basic Educational Skills Department? You'll find the answers you're looking for right here ....www.qcc.cuny.edu
CareerLab--Basic Computer Skills Boost Your Career... wise to push yourself to learn additional computer skills, even if you don't think you'll need them..tmsyn.wc.ask.com
basic computer skills.www.austinfree.net
Computer LiteracyComputer literacy is an essential skill - A computer will be a basic tool you will have to use no matter where you find employment - Computer literacy will help you get a job and it will he....clk.about.com
Jan's Illustrated Computer Literacy 101An online illustrated Computer Literacy course covering the material in a college course, but easy to understand for all ages..tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Basic Computer SkillsBasic Computer Skills (BCS101) Basic Computer Skill (BCS) is an Introduction to Computers. ... person with little or "no" working knowledge of a computer. ....www.clcaz.com
Event Calendar SystemEvent: Basic Computer Skills Date of first class session : Thursday, September 21, 2006 Time of first class session : 4:00 PM - 7:00 PM.www3.scoe.net
Miami University Basic Computer Skills Self-AssessmentBasic Computer Skills Self-Assessment ... A master program that sorts through applications on a computer and selects the right one ....www.units.muohio.edu
Skills CD - Main... to support Business students on basic computer skills as defined and required by ... be able to perform basic computer skills with Microsoft Windows, Word, Excel, ....www.bus.ucf.edu
Basic Computer Skills Required for Web-Based StudentsPage Last Updated: 08/28/2006 © Copyright 2006-2007 Cuyahoga Community College. All Rights Reserved..dlc.tri-c.edu
Adult / Continuing Education March 2006 Archive.clk.about.com
Jan's Illustrated Computer Literacy 101An online illustrated Computer Literacy course covering the material in a college ... exercises at the end which give you practice and add new skills, too. ....www.jegsworks.com
WebJunctionWebJunction is an online community where library staff meet to share ideas, solve problems, take ... Basic Computer Skills Basic computer information for either the Spanish speaker or the t....webjunction.org
Explore Adult Ed CareersExplore Adult Ed Careers.clk.about.com
Online Computer Classes - PC Training Online - Learn Basic Computer ...U.S. Career Institute's mission is to offer affordable, quality online education options. ... PC Skills Can Help You Get Ahead : Talk to an Admissions Counselor (800) 361-9919.www.uscareerinstitute.com
Basic Computer Skills Courses... provides high-quality interactive computer training and literacy courses for ... Teaches basic skills for working with Windows. PC101 - Computer Basics ....www.teknimedia.com
Basic Computer SkillsComputer Basics: Things To Know Before You Get Started 12 Rules of Thumb for Using ... Computer Basics: What does that Computer Term Mean?.tmsyn.wc.ask.com
Computer Job Skills - SpecializedComputer Jobs - Specialized computer skills employers require for today's computer jobs..clk.about.com
Basic Computer Skills Checklist for Distance Learning at St. Louis ...St. Louis Community College webpage for distance learning. ... The ability to use a computer has become an important entry ....www.stlcc.edu
Certiport Home - Microsoft certification in basic computer skills ...Certiport?s Internet and Computing Core Certification (IC3®) and Microsoft® Office Specialist ... Certiport® is an industry-leading provider of digital literacy and desktop productivity tra....www.certiport.com
The Career Center - Basic Computer SkillsBasic Computer ... working, today you need computer skills to assist your job and ... worked with basic computer concepts and gained skills related to ....www.careercenters.com
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Jc Research Math - Statistics & Basic... Prices - NexTag.comCompare Prices for Jc Research Math - Statistics & Basic Computer Skills (Win/Mac) (Jewel Case).rdrw1.yahoo.com
Minnesota Literacy Council - Teaching Basic Computer SkillsHome > Resources > Educational Technology > Basic Computer Skills. Print View ... you begin developing a basic computer skills class for your ESL learners? ....www.themlc.org
Catawba County SchoolsRemediation Materials for the North Carolina Test of Computer Skills: Search for Materials ... Spreadsheets -- PowerPoint Presentation on Spreadsheets and basic terms.www.catawba.k12.nc.us
Basic Computer Skills... some more information about the basic computer skills you should have, or work ... has online tutorials that will help you learn these basic skills. ....www.hopkins.k12.mn.us
Basic PC Skills, Keyboarding, CompTIA A+, Internet and Computing Core ...Basic computer skills training for CompTIA A+, Internet and Computing Core Certification IC3 and ... Basic PC Skills. Paying household bills online. Completing a school project. Configuring....www.computerprep.com
TLU Center for Professional Development: Basic Computer SkillsTHERE ARE NO CLASSES SCHEDULED AT THIS TIME. Please check the website for future announcements This program introduces the student to the basics of using a computer..www.tlu.edu
Self-Test in Basic Computer SkillsSelf-Test in Basic Computer Skills. Some of our computer training courses require that students have basic computing skills before they can enroll..www.sunysb.edu
Salt Lake - Tooele Applied Technology CollegeCourse: Basic Computer Skills for Professionals . Course Description This course provides the student with a fundamental understanding of computers and computing..www.sltatc.org
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One of my good friends Training Help
This site is from a wonderful lady friend in San Diego California. I think you will find it easy to use and informative. http://www.jegsworks.com/Lessons/index.html
Tuesday, January 30, 2007
Images on the Internet
Images And The Web
The Different Types of Images On The Web
Images on the web will come in two file formats, JPEG or GIF.
JPEG Images
 Example JPEG Image | A JPEG file stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group and all images under this format has the file extension of .JPG. You would use a JPEG image for photographs, realistic scenes, or other images with subtle changes in tone. The JPEG file format is not good for images which have sharp lines or lettering, they have a tendency to get blurred. JPEG original files should never be erased as each time you save a JPEG image the image will deteriorate more and more. You should always go back to the original |
GIF Images
 | Gif stands for Graphic Interchange Format. All images under this format have the file extension of .GIF. This format is the most commonly used image format on the web and includes features that enable background transparency. |
Saving Images From The Web
There are many images on the web that you can use in your own web pages, presentations, documents and papers. You can save these images individually to your own computer Create a separate directory for all your images and call it something like Download and then create a subdirectory called Images. This way you know where to find all the images that you have downloaded from the web. You could even subdivide the images directory up into categories to make each of your images even easier to locate.
 | In order to save the woman dancing image on the left, put your mouse over the image. If you are using Netscape on a PC click your right mouse button , for Macintosh users hold your mouse button down. If you are using Explorer just place your mouse over the image for Macintosh & PC users and give it a couple of seconds. While your mouse is over the image a menu like the one below will come up.  You can see that one of the options is SAVE IMAGE AS. All you need to do is click on this option and save the image to your computer in your special directory. |
Making Screen Captures Of Web Pages
Screen Capture involve as the name suggests capturing the image of the entire screen or a particular portion of the screen that you select. For entire screen captures Windows 95 users can press the print screen button on their keyboard. This copies the entire screen to the clipboard. You only need to paste it into the application of your choosing. If you are not using Windows 95 or would like to do partial screen captures you can download a program like Paintshop Pro.
Download and save this program to your special Download directory under Programs, and then follow the instructions within the file to set it up on your computer. For more help with this see the Download Section of these materials.
The following instructions are based upon the 32 bit version of Paintshop Pro, other packages and the 16 bit version for Windows 3.1 users operate in a very similar manner. Once you understand the concepts you can use most screen capturing software.
After you open the software click on Capture on the Menu bar and then click on Setup with your mouse.
The setup menu will bring up a box like this one.
In the Capture section you are mainly interested in the two top options. Area and Full Screen. If you have Full Screen ticked, the program will capture the entire screen of your computer including all menu bars and everything it can see. If you select Area, you will then mark the Area that you wish to capture.
The Activate Capture Using section lets you choose which button will be the trigger for the capturing process. It is set on a right mouse click here but you can change it to be any of your function keys, like F11 for example. You might want to do this so you don't get confused with right mouse clicks for saving individual images. Once your options are set you can click on capture now. In future when you use your software you only need to click on Capture and Start to start doing captures.
Once you do this, the Paint Shop Pro Program will hide itself from view so you can start capturing what is on your screen because you need to be able to see the image or page that you wish to capture so this has to be foremost on the screen. When you have this on your screen, hit the trigger key to start capturing (F11 if you changed this). A cross will come up on screen. Position this cross at the corner of where you wish to start your area screen capture. When you are positioned, click your left mouse button once, let go and start moving your mouse over the area you wish to capture. As you move your mouse you will see an outline line of the area in white and measurements changing as you enlarge or reduce the capture. When you have the entire area covered click your mouse button again. You will be returned to the Paint Shop Pro program and the area you have captured will also be there.
| You will see that Paint Shop Pro has saved the area that you marked for saving. It has also given the file a temporary name of Image1.* You will need to give the file a correct name by clicking on File then Save or Save As. |  |
To capture the entire screen change your Capture options to Full Screen and then click on capture now. Your entire screen will be captured using the same process as saving a selection. Remember you will get everything in there including the buttons and menus around the page. You can crop this image afterwards to get rid of these things by clicking on the Selection Button.Then with your mouse highlight the area you would like to keep. So start at the corner, click your left mouse button, hold it down and drag your mouse to the end of what you would like to keep, then let go of the mouse button and that area will be enclosed in a rectangle. Now that you have this area highlighted, click on the Menu option Image and then Crop Now. Everything except the area you have highlighted will disappear..
Download and save this program to your special Download directory under Programs, and then follow the instructions within the file to set it up on your computer. For more help with this see the Download Section of these materials.
The following instructions are based upon the 32 bit version of Paintshop Pro, other packages and the 16 bit version for Windows 3.1 users operate in a very similar manner. Once you understand the concepts you can use most screen capturing software.
After you open the software click on Capture on the Menu bar and then click on Setup with your mouse.
Finding Images On The Web
Where do you find images? There are lots of collections of free ClipArt available on the web. Just to get you started here are some places you can go to get buttons, backgrounds, icons and images for your web page. If you are not sure how to save them Read the Saving Images information first.
- FUNET Collection of images, from animals to the Zodiac.
Making Your Own Graphics
Graphics software will allow you to create, alter and organise you graphics. You can even create animated graphics. PhotoShop for both Macintosh and PC is a powerful graphics program which you can use to create original images for your web publishing. For some tips on creating web graphics with PhotoShop, Laurie McCanna's Free Art Site - Download Free Web Graphics, Learn about Photoshop and Corel, and much more!
Adding Images To Web Pages
Adding graphics, including ClipArt, photographs and backgrounds to your WWW page can not only make it more attractive, but can make it easier to use. For example, you could use symbols or colours to help people navigate your page or site. However you need to keep in mind that while some graphical interest is good, the graphics should neither overwhelm the content of your page, nor make it difficult to read or explore. If you use graphics on your web site try and make them AS SMALL AS POSSIBLE. A good guide is to keep the total for all graphics under about 30 Kb per HTML page. Use JPEG for photographic images (use the most compression possible), and GIF for computer artwork, drawings etc.
You also need to remember that many people, because of limitations of time, cost or software, either don't see, or choose to turn off images. Your web page needs to be designed so that the maximum number of people can view it adequately, which means that you need to make sure that your images aren't so big that the page takes forever to download (20k is about the maximum size). If you use graphics as a navigation device make sure that you include ALT references (where you give a text description as part of the image direction).
The basic code to do this is:
The information within the quotation marks is the path of the image or where the image can be located. These quotation marks around the path of the image file are important and if left off will leave you with a broken image symbol like this 
. You will also get a broken image if the path name is incorrect or the filename of the image is incorrect.
All images should be kept in a separate directory from your HTML files. Most Webstes store images in sub-directories and title it images or gif and jpeg for each type of image.
Aligning Images On Your Web Pages
Align Images To The Left
Align Images To The Right>
Aligning Text With Your Images On Your Web Pages
Align Text To The Top
Align Text To The Middle
Align Text To The Bottom
This code will only allow one line of text to be aligned. The text will scroll under the image for the next line. If you would like a paragraph of text to be aligned with your image you should include your image and text in a table with separate columns. See below.
 | By placing my image into the first column of the table and all the text I would like to include in the second column, I am able to word wrap the text within that column and align it to the image. I can also use align commands on each column for the text to be aligned to the top, bottom or middle of the image by including VALIGN= commands within the TD Tag. You can find more information on the table commands here or look at the code for this table below. |
 | By placing my image into the first column of the table and all the text I would like to include in the second column, I am able to word wrap the text within that column and align it to the image. I can also use align commands on each column for the text to be aligned to the top, bottom or middle of the image by including VALIGN= commands within the TD Tag.... |
Background Transparency
Transparency is the feature that allows you to specify that one of the colors within the image be ignored when viewed on the web. By using transparency you are able to create images that seem to merge with the background and can give objects shape. Currently this can only be done on GIF Images.
For example the image below before and after having made the background (the brown color) transparent.
 |  |
To make a gif image transparent, you will need to download a program like Gif Construction Set .
How to Make the Gif background transparent (Gif Construction Set)
- Open the Software
- Click on File and then Open
- Click on the File you would like to contain transparency
- Click on Insert and a box like the one here will appear
- Click on Control
- The Control function will be inserted into the program. You must give each image a control.
- Double click on control in the program an option menu like this will be displayed
- Click on Transparent Color and then click on the eye dropper on the left of the box
- The image will then be displayed and you click on the part of the image that you would like to be transparent. Remember only one color in the image can be transparent and that wherever the color appears there will be transparent. So if your background is black an parts within the image are black, all of it will become transparent.
- After you use the ink dropper to select the color, the color number will be displayed in the software.
- That's it, just save your file now
Inserting Web Images in Other Applications
To use any of the images that you take off the web and insert it into another application is a simple process, but don't forget the the copyright issues. For example with Microsoft Word you would just click on Insert then Picture like here. Most packages that you would use would have an insert option like this. Then all you have to do is locate the picture in the directory you saved it in.
You can adjust the size of the image in your application simple by clicking on it and dragging it the shape and size you want by the markers on the corners of the images.
Making Image Maps
Image maps are images that have areas on it that are hot linked to different pages. Not just the entire image as one hot link but you can mark the areas of an image to link to many different areas. You can see an image map in action in the Virtual Lounge. It is one image that has hot links from the various objects within the lounge to areas relating to image you click on. For example if you click on the television you will find out all about movies on the internet, etc...
In order to make image maps you should download a shareware program like Live Image or the Coffee Cup Image Mapper. Live Image is a more sophisticated program with an easy to use interface. Some of the options don't work on the shareware version though. The Coffee Cup Image Mapper is very simple to use and all options work on the shareware version.
Making image maps has become a really simple task with these type of software programs. They come with wizards that guide you through the process. After opening up the image that you wish to place an image map on, you only need to highlight the areas you wish to hot link, you then type in the web site addresses that you wish to link to on the image. Once you are finished the Coffee Cup Image Map will create a new html file. You can copy the mapping code into the page you would like the image and map to live on. Live Image will insert the map into an existing page for you.
So you want an image map, huh? from Joe Burns, is a an excellent introduction to making clickable image maps.
Director Web is an excellent starting point if you want to find out more about Shockwave. From this site you can find tips, a Director FAQ (frequently asked questions), links to software sites and examples of Shockwave programming.
Netiquette
Netiquette
A Whole New Culture
Although you may not realise it, when you launch yourself into cyberspace for the first time you are not simply learning about technology, you are about to experience the culture of the Internet. But just because the net is a new culture it doesn't mean that you can leave your manners at home in real time.
Anytime you join a new organization, start a new school, or begin a new job, you expect to spend some time working out the culture of your new place, and cyberspace is no different. It has it's own myths, it's own set of rules, it's own history, that's all part of the fascination.
And just like everywhere else, on the net good manners and consideration for other make for a more pleasant time for all. As a newbie it is up to you to work out the rules. Luckily there are many guides, like this one, on becoming a good netizen of cyberspace.
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Why Bother with Rules?
Despite what you might hear about the net being anarchic, in fact there are rules. The rules are simply guidelines to make net life more pleasant for everyone. They attempt to take into account the fact that everyone uses the net in different ways and for different purposes, and that in order to accommodate the millions of people who use the net regularly, some guidance for acceptable use is necessary.
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Ten Rules for being a Good Netizen
The following rules were proposed by writer Virginia Shea in a book called Netiquette, and they pretty much cover the important things you need to remember to be a good citizen of cyberspace.
Remember the human
Adhere to the same standards of behaviour on-line that you follow in real life.
Know where you are in cyberspace.
Respect other people's time and bandwidth.
Make yourself look good on-line.
Share expert knowledge.
Help keep flames under control.
Respect other people's privacy.
Don't abuse your power.
Be forgiving of other people's mistakes.
(from Virginia Shea (1994) Netiquette Albion Books San Francisco pp 32-33)
1. Homo sapiens in cyberspace
It is sometimes easy to forget that on the net you are not just talking to computers, you are communicating with real people, people who have feelings just like you, and you need to respect their rights just as you would in any other area of your life.
The problem with electronic communication is that you don't have the opportunity you have in face to face contact to use expression, gesture, or tone of voice to express the way you feel, since all you have is text on a computer screen. This means that you have to be even more careful to express yourself carefully so that you aren't misinterpreted. In recognition of this difficulty the net has developed a list of symbols, called emoticons and acronyms, which you can you use in your text as a way of making it clear that you are being funny or serious or ironic.
Because you are dealing with text on a computer screen, it can be tempting to behave in ways you wouldn't in face to face communication. But imagine how you would feel if you opened your e-mail and found an unpleasant, personally offensive message. You would be as hurt as if someone had yelled at you.
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2. If you wouldn't do it in real life, don't do it in cyberspace.
This is called nethics, or ethics on the net. Don't think that just because you are in cyberspace all bets are off. If it's inappropriate or illegal in real life, it's inappropriate or illegal in cyberspace. No exceptions. It might seem that your chances of being caught behaving unethically on the net are less than they are in real life, however this doesn't provide an excuse for lowering your standards of behaviour, and I wouldn't be too sure that you won't get caught.
Some of the laws on the net, particularly in regards to electronic publishing and electronic copyright are still being argued out in the courts, but by assuming that the laws stand as they do in the print media (see SOFWeb's Copyright Statement) and by behaving as ethically as you would in real life, you can protect yourself and your school. This means that you don't plagiarize someone else's work, you respect their right to intellectual property. Where it is appropriate to use someone else's work (for instance if you want to quote from it) you acknowledge your source by referencing it properly.
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3. Where am I?
One of the things you will find as you explore the net, particularly the electronic discussion groups (listservs), is that just like any other group of people, each discussion list will have it's own "tone". This means that some groups tend to be quite academic and formal in tone, others are chattier and more social.
Some groups might be interested in what you did last night, others might flame you for giving them details of your social life. You can save yourself and everyone else a lot of irritation if you take the time to find out what a group is all about before you join in the discussion, this is called lurking. Lurking means that you take the time to read some messages or check the archives so that you have a clear sense of what the group is all about and what kinds of messages are appropriate.
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4. What's a bandwidth when it's at home?
Bandwidth is the information carrying capacity of the cables and wires that connect computers together. Even the most high tech cables have a limit to the amount of information they can carry, so you need to remember that there are physical limits to cyberspace. As a responsible netizen it is part of the deal that you make an effort not to waste bandwidth.
Not every one can connect into the Internet from school or business, many people have Internet accounts at home which means they have to pay for them. So while it may not cost you anything to send a long, rambling post, it might cost the recipient money to receive it.
So how can you save bandwidth, time, and people's money? Think about the message you are sending. Is it worth saying? Sometimes in discussion lists a topic will spring up and everyone will want to have their say. Think about whether or not you have something new to add to the discussion, a message with something like, "What she said." is a waste of bandwidth.
Try and be as concise as possible. In cyberspace, longer is not necessarily better. The great joy of e-mail is the ability to communicate rapidly and easily, which means short, to-the-point messages except in exceptional circumstances. For the same reasons avoid long complicated signatures. Keeping in mind the need for concise messages, under no circumstances should your signature be longer than your message.
Make sure that your post is going to the appropriate place. It is easy for an on-line discussion to wander away from the original topic, but keep in mind that listservs are for the discussion of particular subjects, people join them so they can discuss their pet topics and can get irritable if a discussion veers too far away from the purpose of the list.
If you get interested in a conversation which is off the topic of the list, it is a good idea to take your discussion off list to personal e-mail. It is a waste of bandwidth to send a message to 500 people when there may be only a couple of you interested. Before you post make sure that you have a clear idea of who is going to be interested and make sure that you send it to the appropriate place.
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5. Looking good and making sense.
For most of us there aren't too many ways of making yourself look silly in front of hundreds of people, but sending a badly spelled, grammatically incorrect, thoughtlessly put together e-mail message is one. E-mail can be a spontaneous form of communication, and to some extent the form of the message will depend on where you are sending it. It probably won't matter if a quick note to a friend has a spelling mistake or two, but if you are involved in a project with other schools your message represents not only you, but your school, and you will want to make sure that your message looks good and contains accurate, worthwhile information.
But spelling and grammar are not the only important things. In cyberspace your only method of communication is by writing, and you may never meet any of the people you are communicating with face to face. So like it or not, you will be judged by the quality of your writing. You don't have to be literary, but you do have to be clear and intelligible. For some hints on writing e-mail check our Style Guide for E-mail Messages.
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6. How do you spell ornithyrincus, um orneethrincus, er platypus?
The truly wonderful thing about cyberspace is that you can connect with a vast range of expert knowledge, communicate with people who not only share your interests, but who are usually happy to answer your questions.
And you can do your share. If you know the answer to a question which has been asked on-line, don't be afraid to share your knowledge. The culture of the Internet is to a large extent based on the willingness of people to share information and to help others.
There are a couple of points to remember: If you are going to answer a question try and make sure that you are giving accurate information, even if it means going away and checking. try not to answer questions where you have only a vague idea of the answer.
Experts on-line are generous with their knowledge, but that generosity can be stretched by people asking basic questions they were too lazy to go and look up for themselves. It is your responsibility to try and answer the question yourself by the usual research methods before you turn to cyberspace. Remember that experts are a resource, not a way to avoid doing any work. Be sensible about the questions you ask and the people you ask. Don't join a group of experts in astronomy and then ask them if they know anything about planets, don't ask an expert on medieval music what they know about Oasis.
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7. Quick ring the fire brigade, I've been flamed!
Flaming is personal attacks on other citizens of cyberspace via e-mail. A flame is the kind of message which attacks not just your opinion, but your personality, your looks, your personal habits and your dog's behaviour. In other words flaming has a lot to do with emotional responses, and nothing to do with reasonable disagreement.
This doesn't mean that you can't disagree with people, it would be a very dull discussion if everybody agreed, in fact there would be no point in the discussion at all. But the golden rule is that if you disagree with someone you disagree with the content of their message, you don't descend into personal comments.
There are people who try and start flame wars by posting flame bait, comments which are designed to start a fire or fan the flames. Well, I suppose it's something to do, but really, they should get out more and stop wasting everyone's time.
If you read something that really makes you angry, resist the temptation to fire off an emotional response. Take a deep breath, go for a walk, put the message away until tomorrow. Keep in mind that no-one ever changed their mind because some called them a rude name.
If a discussion you are involved in turns into a flame war, you might want to think about how you can douse the flames. Sometimes the best way is simply not to get involved, if nobody replies the flamer has nothing to burn. Remember that flaming is in direction violation of rules 1 and 4. Flames are not only unkind they are a waste of time and bandwidth. If nothing else, avoid fanning the fire.
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8. Snoopy's a dog, not a way of life.
You wouldn't read someone else's mail, so don't read their e-mail. If someone sends you a private e-mail or a message from a discussion group, don't forward it on somewhere else without permission from the writer. Imagine how you would feel if you wrote a letter to a friend and then found out that it had been posted to a newsgroup read for thousands of people a week. It's a pretty frightening thought isn't it?
On the other hand, there are a lot of complicated issues to do with privacy on the net, and no matter how many times guides like this talk about your right to privacy, not everyone behaves as ethically as might be hoped. Electronic networks are different than the ordinary mail system, you can probably tell if someone has opened a letter addressed to you, but it's unlikely that you would realise if someone had read one of your e-mail messages. It is possible for people to intercept e-mail, for both legitimate and illegitimate purposes. For example, the system administrators of your network might well have the ability to read your e-mail.
So because e-mail is probably not quite as private as we might wish, it is important to remember this when using your e-mail. Don't say anything that you wouldn't want an outside party to read, because no matter how much we might wish that everyone respected our privacy the reality is sometimes otherwise. People have been sued for libel because of what they wrote in an e-mail message, so it pays to be careful.
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9. Just because you can do something doesn't mean you should.
If you are in a position of power with respect to a computer or computer network behave responsibly.
Here are the Ten Commandments for Computer Ethics from the Computer Ethics Institute.You can find it at Arlene Rinaldi's web site about netiquette The Net: User Guidelines and Netiquette
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not paid.
Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorization.
Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you write.
Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect.
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10. It's okay, we all make mistakes.
Sooner or later you will get the hang of cyberspace and instead of being a newbie you will be a confident citizen of cyberspace, perhaps one day you might even become one of those expert users called a net god. But this doesn't mean that just because you know what you are doing you have earned the right to correct everyone else.
Don't waste bandwidth on telling people they have made a spelling error, or a minor error of netiquette. Self-righteousness is less popular on the net than poor grammar. If someone has made a serious mistake (defined as a mistake which is likely to get them flamed by net users less civilized than yourself), try and exercise some tact in correcting them. A gentle note in private about what they have done wrong is much more effective, not to mention polite, than a public flame. There are people who seem to live simply for the chance to correct someone else's spelling or grammar, but for the rest of us, life's too short to waste on joining the net police.
A Whole New Culture
Although you may not realise it, when you launch yourself into cyberspace for the first time you are not simply learning about technology, you are about to experience the culture of the Internet. But just because the net is a new culture it doesn't mean that you can leave your manners at home in real time.
Anytime you join a new organization, start a new school, or begin a new job, you expect to spend some time working out the culture of your new place, and cyberspace is no different. It has it's own myths, it's own set of rules, it's own history, that's all part of the fascination.
And just like everywhere else, on the net good manners and consideration for other make for a more pleasant time for all. As a newbie it is up to you to work out the rules. Luckily there are many guides, like this one, on becoming a good netizen of cyberspace.
back to top
Why Bother with Rules?
Despite what you might hear about the net being anarchic, in fact there are rules. The rules are simply guidelines to make net life more pleasant for everyone. They attempt to take into account the fact that everyone uses the net in different ways and for different purposes, and that in order to accommodate the millions of people who use the net regularly, some guidance for acceptable use is necessary.
back to top
Ten Rules for being a Good Netizen
The following rules were proposed by writer Virginia Shea in a book called Netiquette, and they pretty much cover the important things you need to remember to be a good citizen of cyberspace.
Remember the human
Adhere to the same standards of behaviour on-line that you follow in real life.
Know where you are in cyberspace.
Respect other people's time and bandwidth.
Make yourself look good on-line.
Share expert knowledge.
Help keep flames under control.
Respect other people's privacy.
Don't abuse your power.
Be forgiving of other people's mistakes.
(from Virginia Shea (1994) Netiquette Albion Books San Francisco pp 32-33)
1. Homo sapiens in cyberspace
It is sometimes easy to forget that on the net you are not just talking to computers, you are communicating with real people, people who have feelings just like you, and you need to respect their rights just as you would in any other area of your life.
The problem with electronic communication is that you don't have the opportunity you have in face to face contact to use expression, gesture, or tone of voice to express the way you feel, since all you have is text on a computer screen. This means that you have to be even more careful to express yourself carefully so that you aren't misinterpreted. In recognition of this difficulty the net has developed a list of symbols, called emoticons and acronyms, which you can you use in your text as a way of making it clear that you are being funny or serious or ironic.
Because you are dealing with text on a computer screen, it can be tempting to behave in ways you wouldn't in face to face communication. But imagine how you would feel if you opened your e-mail and found an unpleasant, personally offensive message. You would be as hurt as if someone had yelled at you.
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2. If you wouldn't do it in real life, don't do it in cyberspace.
This is called nethics, or ethics on the net. Don't think that just because you are in cyberspace all bets are off. If it's inappropriate or illegal in real life, it's inappropriate or illegal in cyberspace. No exceptions. It might seem that your chances of being caught behaving unethically on the net are less than they are in real life, however this doesn't provide an excuse for lowering your standards of behaviour, and I wouldn't be too sure that you won't get caught.
Some of the laws on the net, particularly in regards to electronic publishing and electronic copyright are still being argued out in the courts, but by assuming that the laws stand as they do in the print media (see SOFWeb's Copyright Statement) and by behaving as ethically as you would in real life, you can protect yourself and your school. This means that you don't plagiarize someone else's work, you respect their right to intellectual property. Where it is appropriate to use someone else's work (for instance if you want to quote from it) you acknowledge your source by referencing it properly.
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3. Where am I?
One of the things you will find as you explore the net, particularly the electronic discussion groups (listservs), is that just like any other group of people, each discussion list will have it's own "tone". This means that some groups tend to be quite academic and formal in tone, others are chattier and more social.
Some groups might be interested in what you did last night, others might flame you for giving them details of your social life. You can save yourself and everyone else a lot of irritation if you take the time to find out what a group is all about before you join in the discussion, this is called lurking. Lurking means that you take the time to read some messages or check the archives so that you have a clear sense of what the group is all about and what kinds of messages are appropriate.
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4. What's a bandwidth when it's at home?
Bandwidth is the information carrying capacity of the cables and wires that connect computers together. Even the most high tech cables have a limit to the amount of information they can carry, so you need to remember that there are physical limits to cyberspace. As a responsible netizen it is part of the deal that you make an effort not to waste bandwidth.
Not every one can connect into the Internet from school or business, many people have Internet accounts at home which means they have to pay for them. So while it may not cost you anything to send a long, rambling post, it might cost the recipient money to receive it.
So how can you save bandwidth, time, and people's money? Think about the message you are sending. Is it worth saying? Sometimes in discussion lists a topic will spring up and everyone will want to have their say. Think about whether or not you have something new to add to the discussion, a message with something like, "What she said." is a waste of bandwidth.
Try and be as concise as possible. In cyberspace, longer is not necessarily better. The great joy of e-mail is the ability to communicate rapidly and easily, which means short, to-the-point messages except in exceptional circumstances. For the same reasons avoid long complicated signatures. Keeping in mind the need for concise messages, under no circumstances should your signature be longer than your message.
Make sure that your post is going to the appropriate place. It is easy for an on-line discussion to wander away from the original topic, but keep in mind that listservs are for the discussion of particular subjects, people join them so they can discuss their pet topics and can get irritable if a discussion veers too far away from the purpose of the list.
If you get interested in a conversation which is off the topic of the list, it is a good idea to take your discussion off list to personal e-mail. It is a waste of bandwidth to send a message to 500 people when there may be only a couple of you interested. Before you post make sure that you have a clear idea of who is going to be interested and make sure that you send it to the appropriate place.
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5. Looking good and making sense.
For most of us there aren't too many ways of making yourself look silly in front of hundreds of people, but sending a badly spelled, grammatically incorrect, thoughtlessly put together e-mail message is one. E-mail can be a spontaneous form of communication, and to some extent the form of the message will depend on where you are sending it. It probably won't matter if a quick note to a friend has a spelling mistake or two, but if you are involved in a project with other schools your message represents not only you, but your school, and you will want to make sure that your message looks good and contains accurate, worthwhile information.
But spelling and grammar are not the only important things. In cyberspace your only method of communication is by writing, and you may never meet any of the people you are communicating with face to face. So like it or not, you will be judged by the quality of your writing. You don't have to be literary, but you do have to be clear and intelligible. For some hints on writing e-mail check our Style Guide for E-mail Messages.
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6. How do you spell ornithyrincus, um orneethrincus, er platypus?
The truly wonderful thing about cyberspace is that you can connect with a vast range of expert knowledge, communicate with people who not only share your interests, but who are usually happy to answer your questions.
And you can do your share. If you know the answer to a question which has been asked on-line, don't be afraid to share your knowledge. The culture of the Internet is to a large extent based on the willingness of people to share information and to help others.
There are a couple of points to remember: If you are going to answer a question try and make sure that you are giving accurate information, even if it means going away and checking. try not to answer questions where you have only a vague idea of the answer.
Experts on-line are generous with their knowledge, but that generosity can be stretched by people asking basic questions they were too lazy to go and look up for themselves. It is your responsibility to try and answer the question yourself by the usual research methods before you turn to cyberspace. Remember that experts are a resource, not a way to avoid doing any work. Be sensible about the questions you ask and the people you ask. Don't join a group of experts in astronomy and then ask them if they know anything about planets, don't ask an expert on medieval music what they know about Oasis.
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7. Quick ring the fire brigade, I've been flamed!
Flaming is personal attacks on other citizens of cyberspace via e-mail. A flame is the kind of message which attacks not just your opinion, but your personality, your looks, your personal habits and your dog's behaviour. In other words flaming has a lot to do with emotional responses, and nothing to do with reasonable disagreement.
This doesn't mean that you can't disagree with people, it would be a very dull discussion if everybody agreed, in fact there would be no point in the discussion at all. But the golden rule is that if you disagree with someone you disagree with the content of their message, you don't descend into personal comments.
There are people who try and start flame wars by posting flame bait, comments which are designed to start a fire or fan the flames. Well, I suppose it's something to do, but really, they should get out more and stop wasting everyone's time.
If you read something that really makes you angry, resist the temptation to fire off an emotional response. Take a deep breath, go for a walk, put the message away until tomorrow. Keep in mind that no-one ever changed their mind because some called them a rude name.
If a discussion you are involved in turns into a flame war, you might want to think about how you can douse the flames. Sometimes the best way is simply not to get involved, if nobody replies the flamer has nothing to burn. Remember that flaming is in direction violation of rules 1 and 4. Flames are not only unkind they are a waste of time and bandwidth. If nothing else, avoid fanning the fire.
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8. Snoopy's a dog, not a way of life.
You wouldn't read someone else's mail, so don't read their e-mail. If someone sends you a private e-mail or a message from a discussion group, don't forward it on somewhere else without permission from the writer. Imagine how you would feel if you wrote a letter to a friend and then found out that it had been posted to a newsgroup read for thousands of people a week. It's a pretty frightening thought isn't it?
On the other hand, there are a lot of complicated issues to do with privacy on the net, and no matter how many times guides like this talk about your right to privacy, not everyone behaves as ethically as might be hoped. Electronic networks are different than the ordinary mail system, you can probably tell if someone has opened a letter addressed to you, but it's unlikely that you would realise if someone had read one of your e-mail messages. It is possible for people to intercept e-mail, for both legitimate and illegitimate purposes. For example, the system administrators of your network might well have the ability to read your e-mail.
So because e-mail is probably not quite as private as we might wish, it is important to remember this when using your e-mail. Don't say anything that you wouldn't want an outside party to read, because no matter how much we might wish that everyone respected our privacy the reality is sometimes otherwise. People have been sued for libel because of what they wrote in an e-mail message, so it pays to be careful.
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9. Just because you can do something doesn't mean you should.
If you are in a position of power with respect to a computer or computer network behave responsibly.
Here are the Ten Commandments for Computer Ethics from the Computer Ethics Institute.You can find it at Arlene Rinaldi's web site about netiquette The Net: User Guidelines and Netiquette
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not paid.
Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorization.
Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you write.
Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect.
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10. It's okay, we all make mistakes.
Sooner or later you will get the hang of cyberspace and instead of being a newbie you will be a confident citizen of cyberspace, perhaps one day you might even become one of those expert users called a net god. But this doesn't mean that just because you know what you are doing you have earned the right to correct everyone else.
Don't waste bandwidth on telling people they have made a spelling error, or a minor error of netiquette. Self-righteousness is less popular on the net than poor grammar. If someone has made a serious mistake (defined as a mistake which is likely to get them flamed by net users less civilized than yourself), try and exercise some tact in correcting them. A gentle note in private about what they have done wrong is much more effective, not to mention polite, than a public flame. There are people who seem to live simply for the chance to correct someone else's spelling or grammar, but for the rest of us, life's too short to waste on joining the net police.
Download a File
Before You Start Downloading
Know Your System
Firstly you must make sure that you know what type of software is appropriate for your computer. That is you must know the specifications of your computer. Things like whether you are using a Personal Computer (PC) or a Mac (Macintosh) and if you are using a PC whether you are using Windows 3.1, Windows 95 or Windows NT as your operating system. You also need to know how much memory you have and whether the machine is a 486 or pentium if it is a PC. The type of computer, the operating system and specifications of your computer dictate what type of programs you can run on your computer. You may not have the capacity to run certain software or the software may not be available for the platform you are using and downloading it can be a complete waste of time.
Set up a separate download directory
Setting up a separate download directory to store your downloaded files into is so they don't get mixed up with any other programs/files on your system, and so you always know where you can find them should you have to reinstall or find the files at a later date. Normally with software you receive on a disk the separate directory is the files on the disk and the file runs through it setup functions and creates a directory where the program will sit. By creating this download directory you are saving a lot of clean up time later. Most files you download will also be in a compressed format and when uncompressed will explode into many other files. By separating them you are able to clean up your file directories at a later stage with greater ease. If you are using Windows 95 you have the ability to create a new directory immediately to store the file in otherwise store them all in a download directory. You could create sub directories like that below.
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File Extensions
Look at the file extension of the file you want to download Files like this one you are reading - download.htm have two parts separated by the (.). The name of the file refers to the first part, the file extension refers to the second part.
The file extension is usually three letters and can be used to identify the type of file that it is. In this example download.htm means it is a hypertext markup language document (html). As you become more familiar with the internet and different file extensions you will be able to identify their file types and what you need to run them. There are an amazing array of different file types around, you would probably be familiar with some more common ones such as word.doc and word.txt. Word.doc is a word document and word.txt is a plain text document.
Compressed Files
Compressed files are a way of storing many files into one, or making a big file smaller so by making it smaller it is quicker to download. For PC users the most common file extensions are zip files and exe files and for Macintosh users sea and hqx. Exe and Sea files are self extracting archives, that means you don't need other software to uncompress them and when you click on them in your file managing program they will automatically either run a setup program, explode into a larger file or explode into several files. All files can be compressed into these formats including all your sounds movies and programs to run them.
For Zip and Hqx files you will need other programs to decompress/unzip/expand them. For PC users winzip is the most popular and for Mac users stuffit expander.
Once you have this additional software you will be able to uncompress the files just by clicking on them in your file managing software. They will decompress onto your computer in the same manner as the exe and sea files.
Viruses
Before you start downloading anything you should have virus protection.
Computer viruses are just like the real thing they keep spreading until you get a cure and some are so bad they are deadly for your work and programs on your computer. You should try and get inoculated before you visit the virtual world.
Viruses spread when you launch an infected application or start up your computer from a disk that has infected system files. Some viruses stay active in memory until you turn off your computer. Other viruses stay active only as long as the infected application is running. Turning off your computer or exiting the application removes the virus from memory, but does not remove the virus from the infected file or disk. Some viruses are programmed specifically to damage the data on your computer by corrupting programs, deleting files, or erasing your entire hard disk.
Trojan horses are not viruses; however, they are often thought of as viruses. A trojan horse is a program that appears to serve some useful purpose or provide entertainment, which encourages you to run it. But, like the Trojan horse of old, it also serves a covert purpose which may be to damage files or perhaps plant a virus on your computer.
Remember if you want to have some fun on the internet - "Safe Downloading" means putting your anti-virus software on your computer before you start!
The Different Forms of Downloading
Downloading technically means the transfer of one file on one computer to another computer. This can take several different forms when you are downloading using the internet. You can save individual web pages or images on a web page which are transferred in an instant or you can transfer whole programs and files by clicking on a link in a web page and the timing will depend on the size of the file.
Saving A Web Page
With simple files like this web page you are reading you can save just by clicking on File on the menu bar of your browser, then clicking on Save As.
In the save as type menu you will have two options, either to save it as html file or a text file. If you want to save the html code that is used in it or only wish to ever read the file in a web browser save it as a html file. If you want to read the file in any text based programs like Microsoft Word save it as text. This will mean that you don't have to sift through the code that comes with all hypertext documents. If you are using Microsoft Word 97 with HTML options installed you will not have this problem.
All of the images on the web page will need to be saved individually if you wish to view the entire document, images included on your own computer. You will also need to store the images in the same directory that the images are stored in (or change the code). Getting confused? It's pretty simple. For this particular document I have stored all the images in a separate directory called images and when I have inserted them into the web page with html code I have told the browser that all of these images are in an images directory. You can view the source code by clicking on the view button on your button and clicking on source code or look at the sample below. Here you can see that the saveas.gif file is saved in an images directory. Now all you have to do is create a subdirectory for this page, call it images and save all the images individually into that directory. When you open this page up from your own computer all images will be intact and the file will be viewed as normal.
With HTML files that are in frames, you will either need to click on the particular frame that you wish to save and save it or you will need to collect all the frames by clicking in each frame and then also saving the main frame which is the document if you would like the entire page. Sometimes this can get a little messy and confusing, it might be easier just to do a screen capture of the web page.
Downloading A File Through Your Web Browser
The following instructions are based on downloading a file using the Netscape browser. Most web browsers operate in a similar manner so the basic concepts can be used for all browsers.
When you click on the link for a file that you want to download a box similar to the one below will come up.
The browser is stating that the file that I am downloading is of a pdf format - see application/pdf. The browser doesn't recognise this file so it is asking for you to either pick an application to run it or whether we want to save it and work out what application we will use to run it later.
As a beginner, always save the file unless you are very familiar with the file extension and know what program will run it.. There is nothing more annoying than picking the wrong application, waiting for it to download and then finding the wrong program has been chosen and having to download the file again. A box like that below will come up if you click on Save The File. This is where your separate directory comes in handy. If you are using windows 95 you have the ability to create a new directory immediately to store the file in.
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Using The File
This all depends on the type of file that you have downloaded and its file extension. For example if you have downloaded a file to be used in another application like a movie or sound file, you may be able to use it immediately after downloading with your movie or sound player by opening up the application that you would use to play the file and then locating where you have downloaded the file to and playing it in the application. For instance if you downloaded a file called sing.wav you could tell that this is a wav sound file that can be played in any sound player. Sometimes though you will need to uncompress files before you can use them. As you become more familiar with the different file extensions it will become easier to know what you can and need to do for each file you download.
Sometimes a file may be so big that it has been compressed so that it is quicker to download . If the file is a compressed file in the Exe, Zip, Sea or Hqx formats it will need to be uncompressed before you can use it. Remember to store it in a download directory so you can locate it easily.
Exe files and Sea files can be uncompressed by clicking on them either in File Manager/Windows Explorer or on the Mac Desktop. Zip and Hqx files require other software to be installed firstly before they can be uncompressed. When you uncompress the file another file should pop out of it. For PC users remember to refresh your File Manager after decompressing if you can't see the file immediately. (This is the F5 function key). The file that pops out is the file that you will use when you open up your application like a sound player and locate the file to play it.
If the file that you have downloaded is a program/application file like a new web browser or a movie player, after clicking on it, it may decompress and commence a set up program which you would follow the instructions as you would normally installing any new software from a disk or cd. But it may initially uncompress with the installation file popping out of it (usually called setup.exe or install.exe) which you then just need to click on to start the installation process. If you are unsure of which file is the setup/installation file there will also normally be a text file that explains how to install the program. This is the time where having separate download directories come in very handy. Imagine downloading some software called jelly.zip that you have saved into your download directory, sub directory jelly, you click on it in explorer, out pops setup.exe a few read me files and a couple of extra files the program needs to use to install. You then click on the setup.exe, the installation process commences, it creates a program in your programs files automatically. You can now return to your download directory and delete all the files in the jelly directory because they are only taking up space. The program files that are needed are all set up in a different directory and are safe.
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Plugins & Helper Applications
As the range of materials on the web gets more complex and exciting it sometimes is necessary to add special add-on programs to the software on your computer. There are two basic types, plugins and players/helper applications. A plugin is a piece of software or a program that operates within the web browser like the shockwave movie player and a player/helper application normally operates outside the browser like the Netoob movie player. Some plugins can also be helper applications like real audio, real video or adobe acrobat where you could play the file within your web browser or as a stand alone application without being connected to the internet.
With the latest versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator you will have much of what you'll need to enjoy multimedia formats on the web like sound and video but occasionally you will across a file that won't work unless you get the appropriate plugin or player/helper application.
If you don't have the appropriate plugin or helper application, when you click on the link you will get a message letting you know that you need to take a few minutes to download the tool or software before you can have any fun.
This isn't really difficult to do. On most occasions your browser will also direct you to the web page of the program you need to get, and you just follow the links until you get to a download option, click on download and save it to your computer.
With Netscape you can view the plugins that you have installed by clicking on the Help button and then clicking on about plugins. To view helper applications with Netscape, click on Options, General Preferences and then Helpers.
Setting Up Helper Applications
When you click on a hyperlink of a file your browser doesn't recognise it will give you the option to either save the file or pick an application to run the program with.
Most times your browser will recognise the files that you have plugins or helper applications and run them automatically but sometimes it doesn't and you have to set them up manually. This will mean that whenever you come across that type of file the helper application will automatically load up.
The most important concept to understand when setting up helper applications is the concept of MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions). MIME is a standardized method for organizing different file formats. The method organizes file formats according to the file's MIME type. When your browser retrieves a file from a server, the server provides the MIME type of the file. The browser uses the MIME type to establish whether the file format can be read by the software's built-in capabilities or, if not, whether a suitable helper application is available to read the file.
For Netscape users you can view and configure the mapping of all MIME types to helper applications by clicking on Options, then General Preferences, then Helpers. The following screen should come up
From here you only need to click on the format, for example real audio and all files with the extension of ra rm and ram, click on launch the application and then associate the application by finding the executable file on your computer by using the browse button. For ra, rm and ram files it would be the Real Video Player application file in the Real Video Directory - rvplayer.exe.
For Macintosh Users, click here for a guide on setting up helper applications.
Monday, January 22, 2007
Open Directory
The Open Directory uses volunteer editors to catalog the web. Formerly known as NewHoo, it was launched in June 1998. It was acquired by AOL Time Warner-owned Netscape in November 1998, and the company pledged that anyone would be able to use information from the directory through an open license arrangement.
While you can search at the Open Directory site itself, this is not recommended. The site has no "backup" results that kick in should there not be a match in the human-compiled database. In addition, the ranking of sites during keyword searching is poor, while alphabetical ordering is used when you choose to "browse" categories by topic.
Instead, to scan the valuable information compiled by the Open Directory, consider using the version offered by Google, the Google Directory. Here, keyword searching uses Google's refined relevancy algorithms and makes use of link analysis to better propel good pages from the human database to the top. In addition, when viewing sites by category, they will be listed in PageRank order, which means the most popular sites based on analyzing links from across the web will be listed first.
Netscape Search
Owned by AOL Time Warner, Netscape Search uses Google for its main listings, just as does AOL's other major search site, AOL Search. So why use Netscape Search rather than Google? Unlike with AOL Search, there's no compelling reason to consider it. The main difference between Netscape Search and Google is that Netscape Search will list some of Netscape's own content at the top of its results. Netscape also has a completely different look and feel than Google. If you like either of these reasons, then try Netscape Search. Otherwise, you're probably better off just searching at Google
MSN Search
MSN Search is definitely one to watch. The service was previously powered by LookSmart results and gained top marks for having its own team of editors that monitored the most popular searches being performed to hand-pick sites believed to be the most relevant. The system worked well.
Today, MSN Search is in transition. It provides access to Yahoo listings but not as much functionality in terms of other types of searches that you'll find at Yahoo itself. However, MSN is developing its own crawler-based technology
Lycos
Lycos is one of the oldest search engines on the web, launched in 1994. It ceased crawling the web for its own listings in April 1999 and instead provides access to human-powered results from LookSmart for popular queries and crawler-based results from Yahoo for others.
"Fast Forward" lets you see search results in one side of your screen and the actual pages listed in another. Relevant categories of human-compiled information from the Open Directory appear at the bottom of the search results page.
Lycos is owned by Terra Lycos, a company formed with Lycos and Terra Networks merged in October 2000. Terra Lycos also owns the HotBot search engine.
LookSmart
LookSmart is primarily a human-compiled directory of web sites. It gathers its listings in two ways. Commercial sites pay to be listed in its commercial categories, making the service very much like an electronic "Yellow Pages." However, volunteer editors at the LookSmart-owned Zeal directory also catalog sites into non-commercial categories for free. Though Zeal is a separate web site, its listings are integrated into LookSmart's results.
LookSmart launched independently in October 1996, was backed by Reader's Digest for about a year, and then company executives bought back control of the service.
LookSmart also bought the WiseNut crawler-based search engine in April 2002. WiseNut's are offered through the LookSmart via its Web tab above the search box. Unlike its competitors, the WiseNut crawler has often been out of date, sometimes for months at a time.
Finally, the real gem at LookSmart can be found via its Articles tab. That provides access to content from thousands of periodicals.
Gigablast
Compared to Google, Yahoo or even Teoma, Gigablast has a tiny index of the web. However, the service is constantly gaining new and interesting features. Give it a whirl, if you want to try something experimental yet dependable.
AltaVista
AltaVista opened in December 1995 and for several years was the "Google" of its day, in terms of providing relevant results and having a loyal group of users that loved the service.
Sadly, an attempt to turn AltaVista into a portal site in 1998 saw the company lose track of the importance of search. Over time, relevancy dropped, as did the freshness of AltaVista's listings and the crawler's coverage of the web.
Today, AltaVista is once again focused on search. Results come from Yahoo, and tabs above the search box let you go beyond web search to find images, MP3/Audio, Video, human category listings and news results. If you want a lighter-feel than Yahoo but to still have Yahoo's results, AltaVista is worth considering.
AltaVista was originally owned by Digital, then taken over by Compaq, when that company purchased Digital in 1998. AltaVista was later spun off into a private company, controlled by CMGI. Overture purchasing the search engine in April 2003, then it later became part of Yahoo when Yahoo bought Overture.
Teoma
Teoma is a crawler-based search engine owned by Ask Jeeves. It has a smaller index of the web than its rival crawler-competitors Google and Yahoo. However, being large doesn't make much of a difference when it comes to popular queries, and Teoma's won praise for its relevancy since it appeared in 2000. Some people also like its "Refine" feature, which offers suggested topics to explore after you do a search. The "Resources" section of results is also unique, pointing users to page that specifically serve as link resources about various topics. Teoma was purchased by Ask Jeeves in September 2001 and also provides some results to that web site.
HotBot
HotBot provides easy access to the web's three major crawler-based search engines: Yahoo, Google and Teoma. Unlike a meta search engine, it cannot blend the results from all of these crawlers together. Nevertheless, it's a fast, easy way to get different web search "opinions" in one place.
HotBot's "choose a search engine" interface was introduced in December 2002. However, HotBot has a long history as a search brand before this date.
HotBot debuted in May 1996, it gained a strong following among serious searchers for the quality and comprehensiveness of its crawler-based results, which were provided by Inktomi, at the time. It also caught the attention of experienced web users and techies, especially for the unusual colors and interface it continues to sport today.
HotBot gained more notoriety when it switched over to using Direct Hit's "clickthrough" results for its main listings in 1999. Direct Hit was then one of the "hot" search engines that had recently appeared. Unfortunately, the quality of Direct Hit's results couldn't match those of another "hot" player that had debuted at the same time, Google. HotBot's popularity began to drop.
Even worse, HotBot also suffered by being owned by Lycos (now Terra Lycos). Lycos had acquired HotBot when it purchased Wired Digital in October 1998. Lycos failed to make search a priority on its flagship Lycos site as well as HotBot through much of 1999 and 2000, as it focused instead on adding "portal" features. The company refocused on search in late 2001, making significant improvements to the Lycos site and, as noted, reworked the HotBot site at the end of 2002.
AOL Search
http://aolsearch.aol.com (internal)
AOL Search provides users with editorial listings that come Google's crawler-based index. Indeed, the same search on Google and AOL Search will come up with very similar matches. So, why would you use AOL Search? Primarily because you are an AOL user. The "internal" version of AOL Search provides links to content only available within the AOL online service. In this way, you can search AOL and the entire web at the same time. The "external" version lacks these links. Why wouldn't you use AOL Search? If you like Google, many of Google's features such as "cached" pages are not offered by AOL Search
AOL Search provides users with editorial listings that come Google's crawler-based index. Indeed, the same search on Google and AOL Search will come up with very similar matches. So, why would you use AOL Search? Primarily because you are an AOL user. The "internal" version of AOL Search provides links to content only available within the AOL online service. In this way, you can search AOL and the entire web at the same time. The "external" version lacks these links. Why wouldn't you use AOL Search? If you like Google, many of Google's features such as "cached" pages are not offered by AOL Search
AllTheWeb.com
Powered by Yahoo, you may find AllTheWeb a lighter, more customizable and pleasant "pure search" experience than you get at Yahoo itself. The focus is on web search, but news, picture, video, MP3 and FTP search are also offered.
AllTheWeb.com was previously owned by a company called FAST and used as a showcase for that company's web search technology. That's why you sometimes may hear AllTheWeb.com also referred to as FAST or FAST Search. However, the search engine was purchased by search provider Overture in late April 2003, then later become Yahoo's property when Yahoo bought Overture. It no longer has a connection with FAST.
AllTheWeb.com was previously owned by a company called FAST and used as a showcase for that company's web search technology. That's why you sometimes may hear AllTheWeb.com also referred to as FAST or FAST Search. However, the search engine was purchased by search provider Overture in late April 2003, then later become Yahoo's property when Yahoo bought Overture. It no longer has a connection with FAST.
Ask Jeeves (ASK)
Ask Jeeves initially gained fame in 1998 and 1999 as being the "natural language" search engine that let you search by asking questions and responded with what seemed to be the right answer to everything.
In reality, technology wasn't what made Ask Jeeves perform so well. Behind the scenes, the company at one point had about 100 editors who monitored search logs. They then went out onto the web and located what seemed to be the best sites to match the most popular queries.
Today, Ask Jeeves instead depends on crawler-based technology to provide results to its users. These results come from the Teoma search engine that it owns.
Ask Jeeves is doing innovative things with invisible tabs and with what it calls Smart Search. We think the future of search will be this much smarter approach to delivering up more than just web pages. It makes Ask Jeeves a well-worth a visit by anyone looking for information.
Ask Jeeves also owns now closed Direct Hit service.
In reality, technology wasn't what made Ask Jeeves perform so well. Behind the scenes, the company at one point had about 100 editors who monitored search logs. They then went out onto the web and located what seemed to be the best sites to match the most popular queries.
Today, Ask Jeeves instead depends on crawler-based technology to provide results to its users. These results come from the Teoma search engine that it owns.
Ask Jeeves is doing innovative things with invisible tabs and with what it calls Smart Search. We think the future of search will be this much smarter approach to delivering up more than just web pages. It makes Ask Jeeves a well-worth a visit by anyone looking for information.
Ask Jeeves also owns now closed Direct Hit service.
Yahoo
Launched in 1994, Yahoo is the web's oldest "directory," a place where human editors organize web sites into categories. However, in October 2002, Yahoo made a giant shift to crawler-based listings for its main results. These came from Google until February 2004. Now, Yahoo uses its own search technology.
In addition to excellent search results, you can use tabs above the search box on the Yahoo home page to seek images, Yellow Page listings or use Yahoo's excellent shopping search engine.
The Yahoo Directory still survives. You'll notice "category" links below some of the sites lists in response to a keyword search. When offered, these will take you to a list of web sites that have been reviewed and approved by a human editor.
It's also possible to do a pure search of just the human-compiled Yahoo Directory, which is how the old or "classic" Yahoo used to work. To do this, search from the Yahoo Directory home page, as opposed to the regular Yahoo.com home page. Then you'll get both directory category links ("Related Directory Categories") and "Directory Results," which are the top web site matches drawn from all categories of the Yahoo Directory.
In addition to excellent search results, you can use tabs above the search box on the Yahoo home page to seek images, Yellow Page listings or use Yahoo's excellent shopping search engine.
The Yahoo Directory still survives. You'll notice "category" links below some of the sites lists in response to a keyword search. When offered, these will take you to a list of web sites that have been reviewed and approved by a human editor.
It's also possible to do a pure search of just the human-compiled Yahoo Directory, which is how the old or "classic" Yahoo used to work. To do this, search from the Yahoo Directory home page, as opposed to the regular Yahoo.com home page. Then you'll get both directory category links ("Related Directory Categories") and "Directory Results," which are the top web site matches drawn from all categories of the Yahoo Directory.
Google was originally a Stanford University project by students Larry Page and Sergey Brin called BackRub. By 1998, the name had been changed to Google, and the project jumped off campus and became the private company Google. It remains privately held today.
Google has a well-deserved reputation as the top choice for those searching the web. The crawler-based service provides both comprehensive coverage of the web along with great relevancy. It's highly recommended as a first stop in your hunt for whatever you are looking for.
Google provides the option to find more than web pages, however. Using on the top of the search box on the Google home page, you can easily seek out images from across the web, discussions that are taking place on Usenet newsgroups, locate news information or perform product searching. Using the More link provides access to human-compiled information from the Open Directory.
Google has a well-deserved reputation as the top choice for those searching the web. The crawler-based service provides both comprehensive coverage of the web along with great relevancy. It's highly recommended as a first stop in your hunt for whatever you are looking for.
Google provides the option to find more than web pages, however. Using on the top of the search box on the Google home page, you can easily seek out images from across the web, discussions that are taking place on Usenet newsgroups, locate news information or perform product searching. Using the More link provides access to human-compiled information from the Open Directory.
The Internet/EMail
Internet skills
| You need to learn how to use the specific Internet tools (e.g. e-mail, Web browser) on your computer, but you also need to understand the context in which they should be used, and how they should be used. These are addressed below: |
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Plain text e-mail
| E-mail is a powerful tool that offers considerable capabilities and benefits but you should consider how you send e-mail. There are many types of computers, and e-mail packages used on the Internet and so if you do not know what package your recipient has it would be wise to send messages in a commonly supported format - in the form of plain text. Here are some aspects to consider when sending plain text messages: |
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Common file formats
| If you send a file electronically the recipient must have a software application (program) that understands that file format. If their program is unable to read the original file format think about saving it in a different format that is widely supported, or a format that you know their program supports. Here are some common file formats: |
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Web browser
| To view Web pages you use a program, or application, called a Web Browser. Each manufacturer's browser works slightly differently and the specific details of your browser can be found in the Help included in your program. Two popular browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. However they all provide the same basic levels of functionality. These are described below: |
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Search engine queries
| The Internet is the largest information resource in the world, but you need to use search engines (and directories) to find things. How do you find that needle in a haystack? You need to use effective queries. Some tips are provided below: |
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Skills test
| Now it is time to test your skills. Simply send an e-mail back with the letter of the question and the number of the answer that you think is the correct answer (e.g. A1): |
C. What is one of the safest and most acceptable ways of advertising your Web site and organisation?
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Wednesday, January 17, 2007
Buying a Laptop
What to look for in a cheap laptop or notebook.
The main thing to consider when choosing a cheap laptop is what you are going to be using it for.Most people use laptops for light work, ie, word processing, accounts, surfing the internet, emails, etc.
Most modern machines will cope easily with this sort of use. In fact, nowadays most laptops boast features that would have been considered top of the range for PCs just over 12 months ago!
When choosing a cheap laptop ensure it has all the features you may require. Including anything special such as Wireless connectivity, although this can be added through the use of a special card, see Wireless below.
The performance of your laptop will depend on many factors. The most important of which are the processor type and the amount of memory (RAM) the laptop has.
Laptop memory can be upgraded very easily, but processors can be tricky. For this reason, concentrate on the processor type and speed, rather than the amount of memory the laptop has.
Hard drives in laptops can also be quite easily upgraded, although you should really go for a laptop with at least a 30GB hard drive. A 30GB hard drive (or above) should be adequate for most users, unless you intend to store many large files on your laptop.
Other devices like CD Writers, floppy drives, and more USB ports can be easily added. These devices shouldn't be at the top of the list when choosing your cheap laptop, unless it is vital.
The operating system that comes with your laptop will depend on when the laptop was manufactured. When choosing your laptop, always keep in mind any minimum requirements of any operating system that you may want to install in the future.
Overview of refurbished & used laptops.
Refubished LaptopsRefurbished laptops can be absolute bargains!
If you don't need the latest spec, then quality refurbished laptops are a great way to get deals.
Most refurbished laptops are machines that have been returned by the consumer within a certain period of time. The machine is then sent back to the manufacturer, where it is tested, checked and then resold.
Used Laptops
These tend to have had a lot more use than refurbished laptops. Used laptops are usually lower spec than their refurbished counterparts, but they are also cheaper.
When buying a used laptop always check the type and length of the warranty. Always buy from an established outlet, so if you do have a problem it gets dealt with correctly.
Laptops and Upgrading.
When it comes to upgrading a laptop the options are limited compared to upgrading a desktop PC.Laptops tend to have onboard graphics and sound controllers which means they can't be replaced, however hard drives and memory (RAM) can be easily upgraded.
Optical drives (CD-ROMs, CD Writers, etc) can be upgraded, but original manufacturer's drives (internal) can be quite expensive. External USB optical drives are widely available, easier to install, and a great deal cheaper.
Laptop memory (RAM) can be upgraded very easily, laptops usually come equipped with at least 2 slots for memory modules.
Armed with just a screwdriver and a little care you can either change the existing memory module(s), or add another if a free slot is available.
Laptop & notebook jargon
LAN (Local Area Network) card - This is very handy if ever you want to transfer files from your laptop to your pc, also some broadband internet providers require a LAN card for internet access (always check with your ISP).See also Wireless LAN below.
CD Writer - This device allows you to burn CDs, it is down to personal preference, although they are very handy for backing up large amounts of data and they double as a CD ROM drive.
DVD Player - Again this is down to personal preference, but unless you really want a dvd player in your laptop it can be a bit of an overkill, further, most economic laptop graphics systems can struggle to produce a smooth image if they don't have sufficient memory.
DVD-CDRW - This type of drive is a CD writer and a DVD reader all in one.
DVD-RW - This is a DVD writer which can also burn CDs, very handy for backing up files as DVDs can store more data than CDs.
It enables you to burn DVD movies as well as watch films on your laptop. Some laptops have a TV out socket, allowing you to plug the laptop into your TV and watch DVDs on the big screen.
56K modem - This component is used for standard dial-up connections to the internet, it is a fairly standard component found in most modern laptops, but always check to ensure it is included if required.
IrDa (Infrared) - This allows you to communicate with other infrared devices such as mobile phones, laptops and PDAs without the need for cables.
Bluetooth - Provides fast wireless communication for data transfer to/from other bluetooth devices such as other laptops, pcs, mobile phones and PDAs.
Wi-Fi - Wireless LAN Adaptors - Provides fast wireless LAN (local area network) capabilities, allowing the user to connect to any available Wireless networks, like that found in airports and cafes.
These capabilities also allow you to connect wirelessly in your home when used in conjunction with a wireless router.
Wi-Fi or Wireless 802.11 adaptors are often built-in to newer laptops, always check the specifications if you require this. If the laptop you have your eye on doesn't have one of these adaptors integrated, then PCMCIA (plugs into the side of the laptop) Wi-Fi Wireless adaptors are widely available to buy and are very reasonably priced.
Anti Virus Software
The virus
The internet is an excellent tool, and no doubt has changed the way most people communicate, unfortunately the internet, email in particular, has created an easy to target medium for the spread of computer viruses, as you have probably heard these viruses can cause absolute chaos to whole networks of computers at a time.
A virus is basically a malicious computer program, the effect of viruses differ, some either modify, delete or steal data and others may give control of your PC over to their creators via the internet, one thing they all have in common is that if you get infected and you don't have antivirus software you might not know you have it until it is too late.
A Worm refers to a virus that can replicate and spread by itself over a network (the internet for instance), these are getting very common and are among the biggest trouble makers on the internet.
A virus/worm can sit on your machine for months (potentially even years) without doing anything and then be triggered by a certain date/time to do what it has been designed to do, this is referred to as its payload.
As these viruses/worms become ever more advanced, the need for antivirus software has never been so great.
Antivirus software
Antivirus software is designed to keep your PC free of these computer viruses & worms, it does so by scanning your PC's file system looking for known viruses, if a virus is found it will inform you and then take steps to remove the virus threat.
Good antivirus software will automatically check any files being transferred to and from your computer, any antivirus software should at least scan attachments of incoming emails automatically (even if the option can be turned off).
Virus definition files
Antivirus software usually works by checking a file for certain patterns of binary code, the patterns which it uses to identify viruses are stored in what is known as a virus definition file, when a new virus comes out the virus definition file needs to be updated to include the new virus' pattern.
The importance of keeping these definition files updated cannot be overstated, basically antivirus software without updated definition files is useless.
Most good antivirus software will update these files automatically (or at least have the option to do so), the update of the definition files is usually achieved by having the software connect via the internet to the vendors website (server), and then downloading and installing the latest virus patterns.
This is why it is important to purchase antivirus software from an established company, imagine you bought antivirus protection and then 6 months later the company went bankrupt, where would you get your virus definition updates from ?
The internet is an excellent tool, and no doubt has changed the way most people communicate, unfortunately the internet, email in particular, has created an easy to target medium for the spread of computer viruses, as you have probably heard these viruses can cause absolute chaos to whole networks of computers at a time.
A virus is basically a malicious computer program, the effect of viruses differ, some either modify, delete or steal data and others may give control of your PC over to their creators via the internet, one thing they all have in common is that if you get infected and you don't have antivirus software you might not know you have it until it is too late.
A Worm refers to a virus that can replicate and spread by itself over a network (the internet for instance), these are getting very common and are among the biggest trouble makers on the internet.
A virus/worm can sit on your machine for months (potentially even years) without doing anything and then be triggered by a certain date/time to do what it has been designed to do, this is referred to as its payload.
As these viruses/worms become ever more advanced, the need for antivirus software has never been so great.
Antivirus software
Antivirus software is designed to keep your PC free of these computer viruses & worms, it does so by scanning your PC's file system looking for known viruses, if a virus is found it will inform you and then take steps to remove the virus threat.
Good antivirus software will automatically check any files being transferred to and from your computer, any antivirus software should at least scan attachments of incoming emails automatically (even if the option can be turned off).
Virus definition files
Antivirus software usually works by checking a file for certain patterns of binary code, the patterns which it uses to identify viruses are stored in what is known as a virus definition file, when a new virus comes out the virus definition file needs to be updated to include the new virus' pattern.
The importance of keeping these definition files updated cannot be overstated, basically antivirus software without updated definition files is useless.
Most good antivirus software will update these files automatically (or at least have the option to do so), the update of the definition files is usually achieved by having the software connect via the internet to the vendors website (server), and then downloading and installing the latest virus patterns.
This is why it is important to purchase antivirus software from an established company, imagine you bought antivirus protection and then 6 months later the company went bankrupt, where would you get your virus definition updates from ?
Do you need surge protection?
Do you need surge protection?
Most people don't even think about surge protection when they buy a PC, but when you go out and spend a lot of money on a machine it is wise to think about protection.
Below are some of the reasons why :
When you choose one take into account the amount of outputs you will need and if you want any data protection as well, some of them boast certain specifications, but the cheaper ones barely live up to it.
Most people don't even think about surge protection when they buy a PC, but when you go out and spend a lot of money on a machine it is wise to think about protection.
Below are some of the reasons why :
- Surges/Spikes are bursts of electricity up to 3,000 volts caused by electrical load switching and the on/off action of equipment.
- Noise can enter power lines from nearby electrical equipment, such as vending machines and heavy industrial equipment.
- A single brief surge/spike of electricity could render your machine useless and/or destroy the Power Supply Unit.
- Electrical noise can corrupt data.
- The cost of a surge protection unit is a lot cheaper than the repair bill for a new Power Supply Unit.
- Surges are common in power cuts (which we all have from time to time) when power is restored.
When you choose one take into account the amount of outputs you will need and if you want any data protection as well, some of them boast certain specifications, but the cheaper ones barely live up to it.
DEFRAG How to do it
What is defragmenting and why should I do it
Fragmentation is caused when an operating system breaks a file into pieces because there is not enough space on the storage device where the file was originally saved.
One example of this would be where a file was originally saved, then modified causing the file to be larger in physical space than first anticipated, the operating system will then break the file into 2 or more pieces and store them in different parts of the storage area.
The system would then keep a record of where the different parts of the file are stored, this is achieved through the use of a File Allocation Table (FAT) or similar file system such as NTFS.
Then, when the operating system requires the file again, it will query the file system (FAT/NTFS/or other) to find out where the different parts of the file are located on the partition (drive).
Defragmentation is the term given to the process of scanning the file system and rejoining the split files back into consecutive pieces.
The process of defragmenting can be time consuming, but it is one of the easiest ways to increase the performance of your PC, the frequency of which a PC should be defragmented will directly depend on the amount of usage.
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAT - File Allocation TableFAT (File Allocation Table) refers to a data table that holds information about how and where files are stored on any one partition (for simplicity think of a partition as all the files on your hard drive).
NTFS
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Cleaning Keyboards
Computer Keyboards can get dirty very easily, to clean the surface of a keyboard is very straight forward, in this guide however we will show you how to clean your keyboard thoroughly as well as giving it a quick once over, we will guide you through with the aid of photos and diagrams.
We have split the guide into two parts, the first part is for keyboards that just need a quick clean, the second part is for membrane keyboards (most standard keyboards) and includes removing the keys for a thorough cleaning.
What you will need:
Moderate cleaning (quick and easy)
Thorough cleaning (takes longer and requires patience)
We have split the guide into two parts, the first part is for keyboards that just need a quick clean, the second part is for membrane keyboards (most standard keyboards) and includes removing the keys for a thorough cleaning.
What you will need:
- lint free cloth.
- dry cloth or duster.
- suitable cleaning fluid (isopropyl alcohol).
- cotton buds.
- Can of compressed air or vacuum cleaner.
- Flat tip screwdriver (optional for thorough clean).
Moderate cleaning (quick and easy)
First, shutdown your PC and remove the mains plug, unplug the keyboard (remember which socket) and hold it upside down to release any debris from inbetween the keys (pressing the keys is a good way to release it).
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| After cleaning the sides of the keys take your lint free cloth and dampen it with your cleaning fluid (don't put the liquid directly on the keyboard), give the surface of the keyboard a good wipe over using the cloth to trace the contours of the keys (see fig 1.2). When you have finished give the keyboard a wipe over with the dry cloth/duster, you should now have a nice clean keyboard, to clean it more thoroughly follow the guide below. |  |
Thorough cleaning (takes longer and requires patience)
| Standard membrane keyboards only (not laptops or non-membrane keyboards) Shutdown your PC and remove the mains plug, unplug the keyboard (remember where it was plugged in) and hold it upside down to release any debris from inbetween the keys.
Now is a good time to give the keys a proper clean, for best results clean each one individually (the patience thing again) with the cloth and cleaning fluid, when clean, wipe them over with the dry cloth. Before replacing the keys, take your lint free cloth and dampen it with your cleaning fluid (don't put the liquid directly on the keyboard), give the surface of the keyboard a good wipe over ensuring to clean as much as possible any keys that you haven't removed. When the keyboard is nice and clean replace the keys according to your notes or if you have just removed the letter keys use fig 1.4 as a guide, to put the keys back on position the key in place and press gently but firmly until it clicks home. After replacing all the keys give the keyboard a quick wipe over with your dry cloth and you have a nice clean keyboard. |
Backing Up
What is backing up and why should I do it?
To back-up is to make spare copies of files and store them seperately to the originals.
Backing up files is a very important part of maintaining a PC and can save a lot of hassle if ever the PC has a problem.
Computers have a tendency to go wrong from time to time, these days total hard drive failure is rare but it does happen.
One of the more common problems nowadays is the threat from viruses, with some of the more serious infecting the master boot record of a hard drive's file system. If the master boot record is infected with a virus then the Fdisk utility would most likely have to be run and the chances are the data on the drive would be lost (or at least difficult to recover).
Operating system failure and bad software installation are other things that can cause problems when it comes to recovering files.
How frequently you back up will depend on how often you use your PC and what you use it for.
The average home user will probably just have to back up any important files as and when they are changed and do a full back-up once a week/month (depending on PC use).
When PCs are used in a home office scenario then backing up should be done more frequently.
One rule of thumb would be if your important files change daily, back-up daily, if they change weekly, back-up weekly, and so on.
Back-up Devices
Floppy Disks
Floppy disks are great for backing up small files, the average 3.5" floppy disk can hold up to 1.44 Mb of data, which is sufficient for any letters or important text documents.
Backing up with floppy disks is as simple as copying the file, or saving the file to the floppy drive, a ZIP program such as Winzip can be useful to compress any files that are too big to fit on a standard floppy disk.
CD Writers
With CD Writers becoming ever more affordable, these are ideal for making back-ups of large amounts of data, with typical CDR disks holding up to 800Mb of data and costing pennies.
CD Writers are also very easy to use, the software that comes with them is normally very straight forward and can create back-ups in minutes.
ZIP Drives
Zip drives are still a popular media for backing up data, both internal and external ZIP drives are available and some models can store up to around 750MB of data. These drives normally come with their own special software which is usually very simple to use.
Back-up Software Packages
There are many back-up software packages available, they are reasonably priced (compared to a lot of software) and can be invaluable if you have very important files.
One of the advantages is that most back-up software makes it simple to back up whole drives including operating system files with a few clicks. This means if the worst happened you could have your PC system up and running again within minutes.
To back-up is to make spare copies of files and store them seperately to the originals.
Backing up files is a very important part of maintaining a PC and can save a lot of hassle if ever the PC has a problem.
Computers have a tendency to go wrong from time to time, these days total hard drive failure is rare but it does happen.
One of the more common problems nowadays is the threat from viruses, with some of the more serious infecting the master boot record of a hard drive's file system. If the master boot record is infected with a virus then the Fdisk utility would most likely have to be run and the chances are the data on the drive would be lost (or at least difficult to recover).
Operating system failure and bad software installation are other things that can cause problems when it comes to recovering files.
How frequently you back up will depend on how often you use your PC and what you use it for.
The average home user will probably just have to back up any important files as and when they are changed and do a full back-up once a week/month (depending on PC use).
When PCs are used in a home office scenario then backing up should be done more frequently.
One rule of thumb would be if your important files change daily, back-up daily, if they change weekly, back-up weekly, and so on.
Back-up Devices
Floppy Disks
Floppy disks are great for backing up small files, the average 3.5" floppy disk can hold up to 1.44 Mb of data, which is sufficient for any letters or important text documents.
Backing up with floppy disks is as simple as copying the file, or saving the file to the floppy drive, a ZIP program such as Winzip can be useful to compress any files that are too big to fit on a standard floppy disk.
CD Writers
With CD Writers becoming ever more affordable, these are ideal for making back-ups of large amounts of data, with typical CDR disks holding up to 800Mb of data and costing pennies.
CD Writers are also very easy to use, the software that comes with them is normally very straight forward and can create back-ups in minutes.
ZIP Drives
Zip drives are still a popular media for backing up data, both internal and external ZIP drives are available and some models can store up to around 750MB of data. These drives normally come with their own special software which is usually very simple to use.
Back-up Software Packages
There are many back-up software packages available, they are reasonably priced (compared to a lot of software) and can be invaluable if you have very important files.
One of the advantages is that most back-up software makes it simple to back up whole drives including operating system files with a few clicks. This means if the worst happened you could have your PC system up and running again within minutes.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth refers to a wireless technology which allows digital devices to easily transfer files at high speed, bluetooth is common in many portable devices such as laptops, PDAs and mobile phones.
The amount of products that utilise Bluetooth technology is growing rapidly in all sectors of the tech market, some other devices that use Bluetooth technology include: Gaming devices, medical instruments, printers, audio and visual devices, automotive systems, GPS, and many more.
To allow your home/office computer to use Bluetooth wireless technology (if it doesn't already) you need to purchase a special adaptor, these come in a few forms, the easiest to install/configure is the USB Bluetooth adaptor.
For more info regarding Bluetooth technology visit: The Official Bluetooth Website.
The amount of products that utilise Bluetooth technology is growing rapidly in all sectors of the tech market, some other devices that use Bluetooth technology include: Gaming devices, medical instruments, printers, audio and visual devices, automotive systems, GPS, and many more.
To allow your home/office computer to use Bluetooth wireless technology (if it doesn't already) you need to purchase a special adaptor, these come in a few forms, the easiest to install/configure is the USB Bluetooth adaptor.
Bluetooth Wireless Technoloy characteristics:
Bluetooth 1.2- Data Throughput: 721Kbps
- Data Throughput: 2.1Mbps
For more info regarding Bluetooth technology visit: The Official Bluetooth Website.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
In computingBandwidth refers to the capacity of a communications line/channel to transmit/receive information and is measured in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes.
Internet Service Providers
Bandwidth (when specified by an ISP) is the monthly quota of data that you are allowed to upload and download with your internet connection, your monthly bandwidth allowance will (usually) be measured in Megabytes or Gigabytes, the amount of bandwidth you need depends on how you intend to use the internet.
For example, if you will be using the internet just to view websites, then you won't need as much bandwidth as someone who is downloading music and video for the same amount of hours.
note: one Megabyte (MB) = 1024 Kilobytes (KB).
- The average webpage is around 50KB (kilobytes) including images
- The average MP3 audio file is around 4MB (Megabyte)
As you can see it depends greatly on what you are using your internet connection for as to how much bandwidth you will need.
Web Hosting companies
When in the context of web hosting companies it refers to how much traffic a web hosting company will allow each month.
What is a BLOG??
A BLOG refers to a private webpage which is published by either an individual or a group of individuals.
BLOGS are commonly personal journals/diaries and are used to comment on all sorts of topics depending on the interests of the blogger (author).
A BLOG is usually updated frequently, maybe monthly, weekly or even daily, it all depends on the blogger.
Most blogs enable the visitors to post comments and/or suggestions allowing interactivity between the blogger and the visitors.
To find an existing blog on a topic that interests you try:
It is fairly easy to set up your own BLOG on the subject of your choice.
There are many tools to help you start your own blog
including this one from Blogger.com.
BLOGS are commonly personal journals/diaries and are used to comment on all sorts of topics depending on the interests of the blogger (author).
A BLOG is usually updated frequently, maybe monthly, weekly or even daily, it all depends on the blogger.
Most blogs enable the visitors to post comments and/or suggestions allowing interactivity between the blogger and the visitors.
To find an existing blog on a topic that interests you try:
Blogging
This describes the actual act of creating or updating a blog.It is fairly easy to set up your own BLOG on the subject of your choice.
There are many tools to help you start your own blog
including this one from Blogger.com.
The Win XP Clock
The Win XP Clock
The clock sits on the taskbar (see fig 1.1) and displays the system time, hovering the mouse pointer over the clock will reveal the date.
Changing the date and time
The first thing to do is double click the clock on the taskbar, you will be presented with the Windows XP Date and Time Properties box.
In fig 1.1 above you can see an example of a typical Windows XP Date and Time Properties box, we have pointed out the areas of interest.
To adjust the date use the monthly calendar (A) along with the month selector (B) and year selector (C).
To adjust the time, click on the part of the time you want to change (hour or minutes) D and then use the up and down arrows (E) to change it.
To adjust the timezone click on the Timezone tab (F) and then select your timezone from the selection tool provided.
The Internet Time tab (G) allows you to synchronise your PC's clock with an internet server.
The clock sits on the taskbar (see fig 1.1) and displays the system time, hovering the mouse pointer over the clock will reveal the date.
Changing the date and time
The first thing to do is double click the clock on the taskbar, you will be presented with the Windows XP Date and Time Properties box.
In fig 1.1 above you can see an example of a typical Windows XP Date and Time Properties box, we have pointed out the areas of interest.
To adjust the date use the monthly calendar (A) along with the month selector (B) and year selector (C).
To adjust the time, click on the part of the time you want to change (hour or minutes) D and then use the up and down arrows (E) to change it.
To adjust the timezone click on the Timezone tab (F) and then select your timezone from the selection tool provided.
The Internet Time tab (G) allows you to synchronise your PC's clock with an internet server.
The System Tray
The System Tray
In the system tray you will find icons belonging to some of the programs that are currently running, as well as the clock.
To alter the clock see: Changing Date and Time in Win XP.
There are normally a couple of icons residing in the system tray, in our example (fig 1.3) we have 2 icons, your icons will depend on what programs you have running on your PC.
Some typical programs would be your firewall (if you have one), antivirus software, printer status monitors and some messenger programs.
When you install some software it will automatically set itself to load when you start your PC, when these programs are running they are using your computer's resources.
If there are any programs running that you don't need, for instance messenger programs, you can stop them running by right clicking and using their menu to close them.
If you want to stop a program loading when you first start your machine, either use the setting within the software itself or another option is to use the msconfig utility (we will cover msconfig in future sections).
note: - If you have a broadband or cable internet connection then any firewalls and/or antivirus software should be left running, if you have a standard dial up connection
In the system tray you will find icons belonging to some of the programs that are currently running, as well as the clock.
To alter the clock see: Changing Date and Time in Win XP.
There are normally a couple of icons residing in the system tray, in our example (fig 1.3) we have 2 icons, your icons will depend on what programs you have running on your PC.
Some typical programs would be your firewall (if you have one), antivirus software, printer status monitors and some messenger programs.
When you install some software it will automatically set itself to load when you start your PC, when these programs are running they are using your computer's resources.
If there are any programs running that you don't need, for instance messenger programs, you can stop them running by right clicking and using their menu to close them.
If you want to stop a program loading when you first start your machine, either use the setting within the software itself or another option is to use the msconfig utility (we will cover msconfig in future sections).
note: - If you have a broadband or cable internet connection then any firewalls and/or antivirus software should be left running, if you have a standard dial up connection
The Quick Launch Bar
The Quick Launch Bar
By default, Windows XP has the quick launch bar hidden, if you want to use the quick launch bar you need to activate it, to do this simply right click on the taskbar, hover the mouse pointer over toolbars and then put a tick in the box next to Quick Launch.
The Windows XP quick launch bar (see fig 1.2) provides direct access to your programs, files or folders with just one click and is visible (by default) even when you have a window open.
When you first enable the quick launch bar there are normally a couple of icons visible:
- Show Desktop Icon, this icon is used to minimise all open windows to show the windows xp desktop, clicking again will restore the windows to their previous state.
- Internet Explorer Icon, this icon will open Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser.
Adding icons
It is very straight forward to add icons to the quick launch bar, simply drag the icon of the program/file/folder over the quick launch bar and drop it (release the mouse button).
If you add or delete icons you can increase or decrease the size of the quick launch bar by moving the divider (see fig 1.2) left or right.
Deleting icons
It is also very easy to delete icons from the quick launch bar, simply right click on the icon you want to delete and then select delete from the menu that appears.
note: - removing the icon will not uninstall the associated program/file/folder from your PC.
By default, Windows XP has the quick launch bar hidden, if you want to use the quick launch bar you need to activate it, to do this simply right click on the taskbar, hover the mouse pointer over toolbars and then put a tick in the box next to Quick Launch.
The Windows XP quick launch bar (see fig 1.2) provides direct access to your programs, files or folders with just one click and is visible (by default) even when you have a window open.
When you first enable the quick launch bar there are normally a couple of icons visible:
- Show Desktop Icon, this icon is used to minimise all open windows to show the windows xp desktop, clicking again will restore the windows to their previous state. - Internet Explorer Icon, this icon will open Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser.Adding icons
It is very straight forward to add icons to the quick launch bar, simply drag the icon of the program/file/folder over the quick launch bar and drop it (release the mouse button).
If you add or delete icons you can increase or decrease the size of the quick launch bar by moving the divider (see fig 1.2) left or right.
Deleting icons
It is also very easy to delete icons from the quick launch bar, simply right click on the icon you want to delete and then select delete from the menu that appears.
note: - removing the icon will not uninstall the associated program/file/folder from your PC.
The Win XP Taskbar
The Win XP Taskbar
The taskbar (see fig 1.1) is another important part of the Windows XP operating system, one of its main uses is to switch between any open programs or documents.
In fig 1.1 shows a typical Windows XP Taskbar.
We have pointed out the areas of interest, these are explained below:
Start Button - The Start Button is used to access the Windows XP start menu
(covered in part 2 of our windows xp tutorial).
Window Tabs - The Windows tabs are used to switch between any open windows (programs, folders, documents, etc), in our example we have 2 windows open (word and excel). You can switch between the windows by simpy clicking on the corresponding window tab, clicking a second time on the same tab will minimise the window.
Grouping Window Tabs - A nice feature of Windows XP is that unlike previous versions of windows when the taskbar fills up with window tabs it can consolidate all files/windows within a program into just one window tab, in other words, if you have 2 documents open in Word you will only have one tab on the taskbar (instead of 2), you can then access each document by left clicking on the tab and selecting the file/window you want from the menu that appears. This feature can be switched off by right clicking on the taskbar, clicking on properties and then unchecking the box next to Group similar taskbar buttons.
System Tray - The system tray displays icons for programs that are loaded into memory, although not all programs place an icon in this tray. We will cover the system tray in detail later in this section.
The taskbar (see fig 1.1) is another important part of the Windows XP operating system, one of its main uses is to switch between any open programs or documents.
In fig 1.1 shows a typical Windows XP Taskbar.
We have pointed out the areas of interest, these are explained below:
Start Button - The Start Button is used to access the Windows XP start menu
(covered in part 2 of our windows xp tutorial).
Window Tabs - The Windows tabs are used to switch between any open windows (programs, folders, documents, etc), in our example we have 2 windows open (word and excel). You can switch between the windows by simpy clicking on the corresponding window tab, clicking a second time on the same tab will minimise the window.
Grouping Window Tabs - A nice feature of Windows XP is that unlike previous versions of windows when the taskbar fills up with window tabs it can consolidate all files/windows within a program into just one window tab, in other words, if you have 2 documents open in Word you will only have one tab on the taskbar (instead of 2), you can then access each document by left clicking on the tab and selecting the file/window you want from the menu that appears. This feature can be switched off by right clicking on the taskbar, clicking on properties and then unchecking the box next to Group similar taskbar buttons.
System Tray - The system tray displays icons for programs that are loaded into memory, although not all programs place an icon in this tray. We will cover the system tray in detail later in this section.
The All Programs Menu
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It's possible to create a desktop shortcut for any of the programs, see related pages at top of this page
Turn off computer
If you click on the Turn Off Computer option on the start menu you will see a dialogue box like that shown in fig 1.2, below is a summary of the options available: |
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Start Button
The Win XP Start button
The start button (see fig 1.1) is a very important part of Windows XP, clicking on the start button opens up what is called the start menu, the start menu is used to access your programs, settings, printers and more.
The Start Menu Overview
In fig 1.1 above is an example of a typical start menu.
Here is an overview of the different options:
Log off - Log off the current user.
Turn Off Computer - shutdown, restart and standby.
All Programs - Access to installed programs.
Run - Used to manually start executable files (programs).
Search - Search your PC for pictures, music, documents, files and folders.
Help and Support - Opens the built-in Windows help including various help topics, windows updates and also allows you to request remote assistance from a friend/colleague via the internet or network.
Printers and Faxes - Access to your printers and faxes folder, allows you to add and configure printers/faxes.
Control Panel - The control panel is used to configure various Windows XP settings, we will be looking at the Win XP control panel in detail later in the tutorial.
My Computer - Gives you access to your computer's disk drives and files, we will be looking more closely at the My Computer function later in the tutorial.
My Music - Links to a folder created by Windows XP which is used (by default) to store any music files on your hard drive.
My Pictures - Links to a folder (again created by Windows XP) used (by default) to store any pictures/images on your hard drive.
My Recent Documents - This folder contains any recently viewed documents.
My Documents - Gives access to a folder created by Windows XP which is used (by default) to store any documents on your hard drive.
Tour Windows XP - Starts the built-in tour of Windows XP's features.
Windows Movie Maker - Opens Windows XP's movie editing software.
Outlook Express - Opens the Outlook Express mail program.
Files and Settings Transfer Wizard - Allows you to import or export your files and settings from or to a different installation of Windows XP.
note: some of the options have a small black arrow to their right, this means that another submenu will appear when you hover your mouse pointer over it
The start button (see fig 1.1) is a very important part of Windows XP, clicking on the start button opens up what is called the start menu, the start menu is used to access your programs, settings, printers and more.
The Start Menu Overview
In fig 1.1 above is an example of a typical start menu.
Here is an overview of the different options:
Log off - Log off the current user.
Turn Off Computer - shutdown, restart and standby.
All Programs - Access to installed programs.
Run - Used to manually start executable files (programs).
Search - Search your PC for pictures, music, documents, files and folders.
Help and Support - Opens the built-in Windows help including various help topics, windows updates and also allows you to request remote assistance from a friend/colleague via the internet or network.
Printers and Faxes - Access to your printers and faxes folder, allows you to add and configure printers/faxes.
Control Panel - The control panel is used to configure various Windows XP settings, we will be looking at the Win XP control panel in detail later in the tutorial.
My Computer - Gives you access to your computer's disk drives and files, we will be looking more closely at the My Computer function later in the tutorial.
My Music - Links to a folder created by Windows XP which is used (by default) to store any music files on your hard drive.
My Pictures - Links to a folder (again created by Windows XP) used (by default) to store any pictures/images on your hard drive.
My Recent Documents - This folder contains any recently viewed documents.
My Documents - Gives access to a folder created by Windows XP which is used (by default) to store any documents on your hard drive.
Tour Windows XP - Starts the built-in tour of Windows XP's features.
Windows Movie Maker - Opens Windows XP's movie editing software.
Outlook Express - Opens the Outlook Express mail program.
Files and Settings Transfer Wizard - Allows you to import or export your files and settings from or to a different installation of Windows XP.
note: some of the options have a small black arrow to their right, this means that another submenu will appear when you hover your mouse pointer over it
Keeping the Desktop tidy
The more you use Windows XP the more your desktop may start to fill up with icons, either because you install more software or you create your own icons. |
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The Desktop Cleanup Wizard will remove any desktop shortcuts that have never been used to a new folder on your desktop called Unused Desktop Shortcuts.
Desktop Shortcuts
Desktop shortcuts are great for quick, easy access to your favourite programs.
It is very easy to create desktop shortcuts in windows XP®.
I have included instruction for both the windows XP standard start menu, and also for the Windows classic start menu.
Windows classic start menu
When you release the mouse button a menu will appear, simply left click on Copy Here.
It is very easy to create desktop shortcuts in windows XP®.
I have included instruction for both the windows XP standard start menu, and also for the Windows classic start menu.
Windows XP start menu First, navigate to the program you want the shortcut to on the start menu (in this example we are creating a shortcut for Internet Explorer), to do this click on the Start button, hover over All Programs and then locate the program required.
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Right Click on the program and hold down the mouse button, move the mouse pointer to the desktop (as shown on the left) and then release the mouse button.
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When you release the mouse button a menu will appear, simply left click on Copy Here.
Introduction to Icons
Icons are small graphical images that can represent your computer's programs, files, folders and printers amongst other things (see fig 1.1). To activate the program/file/folder that an icon represents you simply double click (two clicks in quick succession) on it with the left mouse button, this will activate the icon and either start a program or open a file/folder. The icons on your desktop can be renamed by right clicking on them and selecting rename, similarly they can be deleted by right clicking and selecting delete. It's possible to create your own icons for programs, files, folders, etc.See our guide to creating desktop shortcuts in our tips and tricks section. In our example we have two icons, the outlook icon is for example purposes only, by default you will usually just have the recycle bin icon which is explained below: Recycle Bin When you delete a file, Windows XP will place the file into the recycle bin instead of deleting it altogether, this allows you to restore the file in case you deleted it by mistake. For example say you deleted a file by accident you could double click on the recycle bin icon to see its contents, and then restore the file back to where you deleted it from by right clicking on it and then selecting restore from the menu that appears. Note: some files may be too big to be stored in the recycle bin, but Windows XP should warn you if you delete a file that cannot be restored.
REVIEW
The Windows XP Desktop
Above in fig 1.1 you can see an example of the Windows XP desktop, when you first switch on your machine and Windows XP loads it usually looks similar to that shown in our example, although Windows XP by default has a picture for the desktop background.
Desktop refers to the main background area (in our example the white area), you can customise your desktop by adding background pictures, changing the background colour, changing the size of the icons, and more.
Above in fig 1.1 you can see an example of the Windows XP desktop, when you first switch on your machine and Windows XP loads it usually looks similar to that shown in our example, although Windows XP by default has a picture for the desktop background.
Desktop refers to the main background area (in our example the white area), you can customise your desktop by adding background pictures, changing the background colour, changing the size of the icons, and more.
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Additional Technology to help you
Technology to help protect yourself
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Microsoft Phishing Filter
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2007 Microsoft Office System Beta
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Windows Vista
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Internet Explorer 7
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Sender ID technology
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Microsoft Office 2003
Beyond the basics
Dig deeper into how to protect yourself and your data.
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ID theft
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Mobile devices and wireless
•
Passwords
•
Spam and phishing
•
Microsoft Phishing Filter
•
2007 Microsoft Office System Beta
•
Windows Vista
•
Internet Explorer 7
•
Sender ID technology
•
Microsoft Office 2003
Beyond the basics
Dig deeper into how to protect yourself and your data.
•
ID theft
•
Mobile devices and wireless
•
Passwords
•
Spam and phishing
Recognize phishing scams and fraudulent e-mails
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Phishing is a type of deception designed to steal your valuable personal data, such as credit card numbers, passwords, account data, or other information.
Con artists might send millions of fraudulent e-mail messages that appear to come from Web sites you trust, like your bank or credit card company, and request that you provide personal information.
What does a phishing scam look like?
As scam artists become more sophisticated, so do their phishing e-mail messages and pop-up windows.
They often include official-looking logos from real organizations and other identifying information taken directly from legitimate Web sites.
The following is an example of what a phishing scam e-mail message might look like.
Example of a phishing e-mail message, including a deceptive URL address linking to a scam Web site
To make these phishing e-mail messages look even more legitimate, the scam artists may place a link in them that appears to go to the legitimate Web site (1), but it actually takes you to a phony scam site (2) or possibly a pop-up window that looks exactly like the official site.
These copycat sites are also called "spoofed" Web sites. Once you're at one of these spoofed sites, you might unwittingly send personal information to the con artists.
How to tell if an e-mail message is fraudulent
Here are a few phrases to look for if you think an e-mail message is a phishing scam.
"Verify your account."
Businesses should not ask you to send passwords, login names, Social Security numbers, or other personal information through e-mail.
If you receive an e-mail from Microsoft asking you to update your credit card information, do not respond: this phishing scam. To learn more, read Fraudulent e-mail that requests credit card information sent to Microsoft customers.
"If you don't respond within 48 hours, your account will be closed."
These messages convey a sense of urgency so that you'll respond immediately without thinking. Phishing e-mail might even claim that your response is required because your account might have been compromised.
"Dear Valued Customer."
Phishing e-mail messages are usually sent out in bulk and often do not contain your first or last name.
"Click the link below to gain access to your account."
HTML-formatted messages can contain links or forms that you can fill out just as you'd fill out a form on a Web site.
The links that you are urged to click may contain all or part of a real company's name and are usually "masked," meaning that the link you see does not take you to that address but somewhere different, usually a phony Web site.
Notice in the following example that resting the mouse pointer on the link reveals the real Web address, as shown in the box with the yellow background. The string of cryptic numbers looks nothing like the company's Web address, which is a suspicious sign.
Example of masked URL address
Con artists also use Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) that resemble the name of a well-known company but are slightly altered by adding, omitting, or transposing letters. For example, the URL "www.microsoft.com" could appear instead as:
www.micosoft.com
www.mircosoft.com
www.verify-microsoft.com
How to handle suspicious e-mail
How to handle suspicious e-mail
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Follow these guidelines to help protect yourself from phishing scams sent through e-mail.
1. If you think you've received a phishing e-mail message, do not respond to it.
2. Report suspicious e-mail.
Report the e-mail to the faked or "spoofed" organization.
Contact the organization directly—not through the e-mail you received—and ask for confirmation. Or call the organization's toll-free number and speak to a customer service representative. Report the e-mail to the proper authorities, including the FBI, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and the Anti-Phishing Working Group. For more information on how to report phishing scams, read What to do if you've responded to a phishing scam.
3. Don't click links in e-mail messages.
Links in phishing e-mail messages often take you to phony sites that encourage you to transmit personal or financial information to con artists. Avoid clicking a link in an e-mail message unless you are sure of the destination. Even if the address bar displays the correct Web address, don't risk being fooled. Con artists can display a fake URL in the address bar on your browser. To see an example of this, read Recognize phishing scams and fraudulent e-mails.
4. Type addresses directly into your browser or use your personal bookmarks.
If you need to update your account information or change your password, visit the Web site by using your personal bookmark or by typing the URL directly into your browser.
5. Check the security certificate before you enter personal or financial information into a Web site.
Make sure the site is secure before you type. In Internet Explorer, you can do this by checking the yellow lock icon on the status bar, as shown in the following example.
Example of a secure site lock icon. If the lock is closed, then the site uses encryption.
The closed lock icon signifies that the Web site uses encryption to help protect any sensitive, personal information that you enter, such as your credit card number, Social Security number, or payment details. It's important to note that this symbol doesn't need to appear on every page of a site, only on those pages that request personal information. Unfortunately, even the lock symbol can be faked. To help increase your safety, double-click the lock icon to display the security certificate for the site. The name following Issued to should match the name of the site. If the name differs, you may be on a fake site, also called a "spoofed" site. If you're not sure whether a certificate is legitimate, don't enter any personal information. Play it safe and leave.
Tip: If you don't see the status bar at the bottom of your browser window, click View at the top of the browser, and then select Status Bar to activate it.
6. Don't enter personal or financial information into pop-up windows.
One common phishing technique is to launch a fake pop-up window when someone clicks a link in a phishing e-mail message. To make the pop-up window look more convincing, it may be displayed over a window you trust. Even if the pop-up window looks official or claims to be secure, avoid entering sensitive information, because there is no way to check the security certificate. Close pop-up windows by clicking the red X in the top right corner (a "cancel" button may not work as you'd expect).
7. Use the latest products and services to help warn and protect you from online scams
| • | Install the latest e-mail software with spam and anti-phishing capabilities like Outlook 2003, Windows Live Mail or others to help identify and warn you about suspicious e-mails. |
| • | Install the Microsoft Phishing Filter using Internet Explorer 7 or Windows Live Toolbar. Phishing Filter helps protect you from Web fraud and the risks of personal data theft by warning or blocking you from reported phishing Web sites. Learn more on how to install this new technology. |
| • | Install up-to-date antivirus and antispyware software. Some phishing e-mail contains malicious or unwanted software that can track your activities or simply slow your computer. Try new antivirus and comprehensive computer health services like Windows Live OneCare and to help prevent spyware or other unwanted software, download Windows Defender. |
8. Update your computer software.
At Microsoft, we continue to make improvements to our software to help protect your computer. Visit Microsoft Update to scan your computer and install any high-priority updates that are offered to you.
If you have Automatic Updates enabled, the updates are delivered to you when they are released, but you have to make sure you install them.
To learn what steps you should take if you have unwittingly responded to a phishing e-mail message, read What to do if you've responded to a phishing scam.
How to handle suspicious e-mailDownload Safety
Before you download files, help protect your computer
Downloading files can include installing programs from a CD, opening pictures or links to Web sites from e-mail, copying Word documents and Excel spreadsheets from the company network, upgrading software acquired from the Web, or transferring music files from a computer half a world away.
Files you download could be just what you expect, but they might also be a vehicle for malevolent intent. Malicious software (also called malware) is software that can harm you or your computer; it can include viruses, worms, spyware, and other unwanted programs.
Before you download files, make sure you are as protected from unwanted software as you can be.
Keep your software safety net up-to-date
Update Windows automatically. If you use Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000 Service Pack (SP3) or later, or Windows Millenium Edition (Me), Automatic Updates delivers updates to your computer automatically, so that's the easiest and most reliable way to make sure that you get new security and other high-priority updates as soon as they become available. To turn on Automatic Updates, visit Microsoft Update.
If you use Windows 2000 SP2 or earlier, Windows 98, Windows 95, or Windows NT Workstation 4 you can go to Windows Update for the latest security updates. (Make sure to return regularly.)
Tip: If you don't know what version of Windows you have, you can find out by visiting the Security Essentials page.
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Regularly download the latest antispyware and antivirus updates, and then scan your computer right away. To do this, subscribe to the program's update service. You can set most of these programs to actively-even automatically-monitor for and help stop spyware and virus intrusions. If you use Windows Live OneCare or Windows Defender, you can get updates automatically though Microsoft Update.
Improve your computer's overall security
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Lay the protective groundwork. Follow step-by-step instructions tailored to your version of Windows to use a firewall, install antivirus software, and update Windows.
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Set your antivirus program to scan all incoming files and e-mail attachments before you open them. This is different for every antivirus program, so consult the manual or online Help for instructions. If you use Windows Live OneCare you can sign up for Automatic Updates through Microsoft Update.
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Use a spam filter. Many e-mail programs offer filters that can help block unwanted messages. Microsoft Outlook has strong natural defenses against junk e-mail, but you can also step up your defense against spam.
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Install and run a program to help detect and remove spyware. Some Internet Service Providers (ISPs) include antispyware software as part of their service. If your ISP doesn't offer this, consider Windows Defender or
Downloading files can include installing programs from a CD, opening pictures or links to Web sites from e-mail, copying Word documents and Excel spreadsheets from the company network, upgrading software acquired from the Web, or transferring music files from a computer half a world away.
Files you download could be just what you expect, but they might also be a vehicle for malevolent intent. Malicious software (also called malware) is software that can harm you or your computer; it can include viruses, worms, spyware, and other unwanted programs.
Before you download files, make sure you are as protected from unwanted software as you can be.
Keep your software safety net up-to-date
Update Windows automatically. If you use Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000 Service Pack (SP3) or later, or Windows Millenium Edition (Me), Automatic Updates delivers updates to your computer automatically, so that's the easiest and most reliable way to make sure that you get new security and other high-priority updates as soon as they become available. To turn on Automatic Updates, visit Microsoft Update.
If you use Windows 2000 SP2 or earlier, Windows 98, Windows 95, or Windows NT Workstation 4 you can go to Windows Update for the latest security updates. (Make sure to return regularly.)
Tip: If you don't know what version of Windows you have, you can find out by visiting the Security Essentials page.
•
Regularly download the latest antispyware and antivirus updates, and then scan your computer right away. To do this, subscribe to the program's update service. You can set most of these programs to actively-even automatically-monitor for and help stop spyware and virus intrusions. If you use Windows Live OneCare or Windows Defender, you can get updates automatically though Microsoft Update.
Improve your computer's overall security
•
Lay the protective groundwork. Follow step-by-step instructions tailored to your version of Windows to use a firewall, install antivirus software, and update Windows.
•
Set your antivirus program to scan all incoming files and e-mail attachments before you open them. This is different for every antivirus program, so consult the manual or online Help for instructions. If you use Windows Live OneCare you can sign up for Automatic Updates through Microsoft Update.
•
Use a spam filter. Many e-mail programs offer filters that can help block unwanted messages. Microsoft Outlook has strong natural defenses against junk e-mail, but you can also step up your defense against spam.
•
Install and run a program to help detect and remove spyware. Some Internet Service Providers (ISPs) include antispyware software as part of their service. If your ISP doesn't offer this, consider Windows Defender or